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Soil Formation

TermDefinition
Soil A loose mixture of fragments, organic material, water, and air
Parent Rock/Bed Rock The layer of rock beneath the soil
Vegetation A plant that grows in a certain area
Residual Soil Soil that remains above its parent rock
Transported Soil Soil that is blown, washed away, or moved by glaciers
Soil Composition What soil is made of
Litter Leaves and other organic material that fall to the ground become litter
Humus Decayed organic material that makes the soil so fertile
Decomposition Organisms that live in the soil die and break down
Nutrients A substance that provides nourishment that is essential for growth
Fertile Soil Soil that is rich in nutrients that the plants need to grow
Soil Texture Soil quality that is based on the proportions of soil particles
Loam Soil that is made up of about equal parts of clay, sand, and silt
Infiltration Ability of water to move through soil
Soil Structure The arrangement of soil particles
Soil Horizons Layers of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above and below it
Horizon A A crumbly, dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus, clay, and other materials, it’s also known as top soil
Horizon B Consists of materials washed down from Horizon A, but little humus
Horizon C Contains solid to partly weathered rock, it’s also known as bedrock
Soil Mixers Animals that break up and move around soil such as earthworms, mice, moles, and gophers
Leaching The removal of substances that can be dissolved from rock or layers of soil due to the passings of water
Created by: abigail.mutter
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