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7th Unit 3 Vocab
vocabulary from unit 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| amino acids | form chains to make proteins; building blocks of proteins |
| blueprint | a detailed plan |
| gene | a section of DNA on a chromosome that gives instructions for making a specific protein |
| nitrogen base | chemical compound that serves as a building block of DNA; adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine |
| nucleic acid | a biological molecule necessary for life on earth |
| proteins | determine an organism’s characteristics; formed in ribosomes from instructions in genes |
| replicate | reproduce; copy |
| allele | a form or expression of a genetic trait |
| breeding | the producing of offspring (plants and animals) |
| dominant | a trait that will always appear when present with an allele for the recessive trait |
| generation | offspring of parents; part of a line of descent |
| genetics | the study of inheritance of traits |
| heredity | the transmission of genetic traits from parents to offspring |
| hybrid | an offspring that receives different genetic alleles, or genetic information, for a trait from each parent |
| pollinate | to transfer pollen to the stigma of a flower |
| purebred | an organism that has expressed the same traits for many generations |
| recessive | the allele whose effect is hidden |
| genotype | the genetic makeup of an organism |
| heterozygous | the alleles for a trait are different |
| homozygous | both alleles for a trait are the same (dominant or recessive) |
| phenotype | the trait of the allele that is actually expressed |
| Punnett square | a grid used in genetics to show the possible outcomes of genetic crosses and to predict the probability that the offspring will express certain traits |
| codominance | two alleles in a pair are equal, but instead of one dominating the other, both alleles show up at once |
| incomplete dominance | instead of one allele dominating the other in a gene, the alleles combine or blend to produce a trait that is a combination of the two |
| multiple gene inheritance | several genes in a chromosome work together to give an individual a certain trait |
| asexual reproduction | requires only one parent organism for reproduction, and the organism reproduces by means of mitotic cell divisions; produces uniform offspring |
| budding | a tiny bud can grow from the body of the organism until it becomes large enough to break off and become a separate organism |
| diploid | having chromosomes arranged in complementary pairs |
| diverse offspring | no two offspring are alike |
| egg | female sex cell |
| fertilized | the egg is capable of developing because it has united with the sperm cell |
| gamete | a human sex cell, such as egg and sperm |
| genus | the division below family in the classification of organisms, usually consisting of more than one species |
| haploid | having a single set of chromosomes |
| regeneration | occurs when organisms grow new body parts to replace lost or damaged ones; can be used to grow new organisms |
| sexual reproduction | requires a male and female; each parent donates half the number of chromosomes needed to make a new life; produces diverse offspring |
| sperm | male sex cell |
| uniform offspring | offspring are identical to the parent |
| zygote | cell produced by the union of egg and sperm |
| applied genetics | the use of genetic science in everyday life |
| cloning | the act of producing an exact copy of the parent, instead of creating a unique child |
| crossbreeding | the breeding of two different breeds of the same species; the new plant or animal becomes a crossbreed |
| gene therapy | involves inserting a normal gene into a virus, which infects an organism’s cells, and the normal gene replaces the organism’s defective gene |
| genetic engineering | genes can be removed or added to an organism in order to produce or prevent certain traits |
| genome | the complete set of an organism’s genes |
| inbreeding | the breeding of an organism with another organism in its genetic family |
| selective breeding | the process of breeding plants and animals for particular traits |
| natural selection | takes place as organisms respond to their environment; as the conditions change, the species with the traits best suited for those changes are able to survive |
| chromosomal mutation | a mutation that involves a change to an entire chromosome in a cell; an added, deleted, or rearranged chromosome |
| gene mutation | a mutation that changes the arrangement of nitrogen bases in a gene |
| germ cell mutation | mutation that takes place in the reproductive cells, also called gametes or germ cells; can then be copied and inherited by the offspring of the parent |
| mutation | a change in an organism’s genes and/or chromosomes |
| somatic cell mutation | mutation that happens in regular body cells; can change traits in that particular organism, but will not change the offspring |
| critical thinking | thinking that involves analyzing and carefully considering the information and evidence presented using logical reasoning and clear, disciplined thinking habits |
Created by:
Hillerywest
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