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Soil Formation

TermDefinition
Soil A loose mixture of rock fragments, organic material, water, and air that can support the growth of vegetation.
Parent Rock The rock formation that is the source of mineral fragments in the soil.
Bedrock The layer of rock beneath the soil.
Residual Soil The soil that remains above its parent rock.
Transported Soil Soil that is blown, washed away, or moved by glaciers.
Soil Composition The mixture of rock particles, minerals, decayed organic material, water, and air.
Humus A dark-colored substance that forms as plant and animal remains decay. (Litter)
Decomposition The process in which humus forms.
Fertile Soil Fertile soil is rich in the nutrients that plants need to grow.
Soil Texture The soil quality that is based on the proportions of soil particles.
Loam Soil that is made up of about equal parts of clay, sand, and silt.
Infiltration The ability of water to move through soil.
Soil Structure The arrangement of soil particles.
Soil Horizons Layers that soil develops over time.
Horizon A (topsoil) A crumbly, dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus, clay, and other minerals.
Litter Leaves and other organic material that fall to the ground.
Horizon B (Subsoil) Usually consists of clay and other particles washed down from the Horizon A, but little humus.
Horizon C (bedrock)
Soil Mixers Earthworms and burrowing animals, such as mice, moles, prairie dogs, and gophers break up hard compacted soil and mix humus through it.
Created by: Annette.passmore
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