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09 CAC Pharmacology
Chapter 15, The Paramedic by Will Chapleau
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Study of Drugs | Pharmacology |
| Study of how drugs are deliverd to and from affected organs. | Pharmacokinetics |
| How readily or easily the drug is able to combine substances such as water or oil. | Solubility |
| Study of how drugs interact with the living tissues in the body. | Pharmacodynamics |
| 4 Ways Drugs can act | 1. Bind to a receptor site. 2 Change physical properties of the cell.3 Chemically combine with other chemicals. 4.Alter a normal metabolic pathway |
| A Substance added to a drug perparation to provide for or enhance delivery of the drug into body tissues | Vehicle |
| Routes of Administration | 1.Enteral-Orally2.Parenteral-IM,IV,IO,SC,SQ3.Topical. |
| Subroutes of Administration | Ingestion.Injection.Absorbtion.Inhalation. |
| Process of handling medications that require the maintaining of sterility is.. | Asepsis (Without germs or pathogens) |
| Progress from its pharmaceutical dosage form to a biologically available substance | Drug Absorption |
| Factors that affect drug absorption | Solubility.Concentration.pH. Site of absorption.Blood supply. Bioavailability |
| Solute vs Solvent | Solute = Drug.Solvent = Liquid in which it is dissolved |
| Drug Forms | Liquids.Solids.Suppositories.Inhalants.Sprays.Creams/lotions.Patches,Lozenges. |
| Factors that affect distribution | Cardiovascular function.Regional blood flow.Drug storage reservoirs.Physiological barriers |
| 2 Effects with Biotransformation | 1.Transform the drug into a more or less active metabolite.2.Make the drug more water soluble for elimination |
| Passage of a drug through the liver and the renal (kidney) circulation resulting in chemical alterations and elimination of some of the drug from the body. | First Pass Effect |
| Amount of drug available for the body to use following biotransformation and first pass events | Bioavailability |
| 2 Reasons why Bioavailability can be altered | 1.Absorption is reduced.2 Elimination occurs prior to entering the systemic circulation. |
| 5 Patient Rights | 1.Patient.2.Drug.3.Dose.4.Route.5.Time. |
| Primary neurotransmitter for the Sympathetic Nervous System. | Norepinephrine.Also Epinephrine and Dopamine |
| Neurotransmitter for the Parasympathetic Nervous System | Acetylcholine |
| A drug that inhibits ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) which is important to the formation of angiotensin II. Lowers Blood Pressure | ACE Inhibitors |
| Drugs that mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system. | Sympathomimetic |
| Class of drug that blocks the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system. | Parasympatholytic. Atropine... |
| Which type of receptor binding results in increased heart rate, force of contraction and conduction velocity | Beta 1 |
| Class of medication that prevents thrombi by interrupting the clotting cascade | Anticoagulants |
| An untoward effect after adminstering succinylcholine for a Rapid Sequence Intubation procedure? | Hypotension |
| Organophosphate Poisoning causes the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an accumulation of acetylcholine (ACh), and profound parasympathetic effects. What class of drugs would be used to reverse these effects | Anticholinergics |
| Proteins present on a cell membrane to which a drug must bind in order to elicit a desired respnose | Drug Receptor |
| Power of a drug to produce a therapeutic effect | Efficacy |
| Medications that stimulate the sympathetic system | Sympatohmimetics |
| Medications that inhibit the sympathetic system | Sympatholytics |
| Location where Sympathetic and Parasympathetic arises. | Sympathetic - Thoraic, Lumbar.Parasympathetic - Brain Stem, Sacral segments. |
| Medications that block the actions of the parasympathetic system | Parasympatholytics |
| Medications that stimulate the parasympathetic system | Parasympathomimetics. |
| Results from stimulating the Parasympathetic system | Pupil Constrction.Secretion by digestive glands.Increase Smooth Muscle activity.Bronchoconstriction.Reduce HR and contractile force. |
| Special Considerations in drug therapy | 1.Geriatric.2.Peds.3 Pregos. |
| Enhancement of one agent by another so that the combined effect is greater than the sum of the effects of each one alone | Potentiation |
| The gradual adaptation to a stimulus or to the environment, with a decreasing response. | Habituation |
| -olol | Beta Blockers |
| -pril | ACE Inhibitors |
| -ipines | Calcium Channel Blocker |
Created by:
SullenFF
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