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Biology Study Guide

Module 1

QuestionAnswer
1a. Metabolism The sum total of all processes in an organism which convert energy and matter from outside sources and use that energy and matter to sustain the organism's life functions.
1b. Anabolism The sum total of all processes in an organism which use energy and simple chemical building blocks to produce large chemicals and structures necessary for life.
1c. Catabolism The sum total of all processes in an organism which break down chemicals to produce energy and simple chemical building blocks.
1d. Photosynthesis The process by which green plants and some other organisms use the energy of sunlight in simple chemicals to produce their own food.
1e. Herbivores Organisms that eat only plants.
1f. Carnivores Organisms that eat only organisms other than plants.
1g. Omnivores Organisms that eat both plants and other organisms.
1h. Producers Organism that produce their own food.
1i. Consumers Organisms that eat living producers and/or other consumers for food.
1j. Decomposers Organisms that break down the dead remains of other organisms.
1k. Autotrophs Organisms that are able to make their own food.
1l. Heterotrophs Organisms that depend on other organisms for their food.
1m. Receptors Special structures that allow living organisms to sense the conditions of their internal or external environment.
1n. Asexual Reproduction Reproduction accomplished by a single organism.
1o. Sexual Reproduction Reproduction that requires two organisms.
1p. Inheritance The process by which physical and biological characteristics are transmitted from the parent (or parents) to the offspring.
1q. Mutation An abrupt and marked change in the DNA of an organism compared to that of its parents.
1r. Hypothesis An educated guess that attempts to explain an observation or answer a question.
1s. Theory A hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of data.
1t. Scientific Law A theory that has been tested by and is consistent with generations of data.
1u. Microorganisms Living creatures that are too small to see with the naked eye.
1v. Abiogenesis The idea that long ago, very simple life forms spontaneously appeared through chemical reactions.
1w. Prokaryotic Cell A cell that has no distinct, membrane-bounded organelles.
1x. Eukaryotic Cell A cell with distinct, membrane-bounded organelles.
1y. Species A unit of one or more populations of individuals that can repoduce under normal conditions, produce fertile offspring, and are reproductively isolated from other such units.
1z. Taxonomy The science of classifying organisms.
1aa. Binomial nomenclature Naming an organism with its genus and species name.
2a. What are the four criteria for life? 1. All life forms contain deoxyribonucleic acid, which is called DNA. 2. All life forms have a method by which they extract energy from the surroundings and convert it into energy that sustains them.
2b. What are the four criteria for life? 3. All life forms can sense changes in their surroundings and respond to those changes. 4. All life forms reproduce.
3. An organism is classified as a carnivore. Is it a heterotroph or an autotroph? Is it a producer, consumer, or decomposer? Heterotroph. Consumer.
4. An organism has receptors on tentacles that come out of its head. If those tentacles were cut off in an accident, what life function would be most hampered? Sensing changes in their surroundings.
5. A parent and two offspring are studied. Although there are many similarities between the parents and the offspring, there are also some differences. Do these organisms reproduce sexually or asexually? Sexually.
6. What is wrong with the following statement? "Science has proven that energy must always be conserved." Science cannot prove anything.
7. Briefly explain the scientific method. Make observations. Form a hypothesis to explain your observations. Collect data that test the hypothesis. Hypothesis becomes theory. Continue to test the theory with generations of data. Theory becomes a law.
8. Why does the story of spontaneous generation illustrate the limitations of science? Because 2000 years of bad experiments supported a false theory.
9. Where does the wise person place his or her faith: science or the Bible? The Bible.
10. Why is the theory of abiogenesis just another example of the idea of spontaneous generation? It's a theory that states that life sprang from non-living chemicals eons ago.
11. Name the classification groups in our hierarchical classification scheme in order. Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.
12. An organism is a multicellular consumer made of eukaryotic cells. To what kingdom does it belong? Animalia.
13. If we were using the three-domain system of classification, in which domain would the organism in question #12 belong? Eukarya.
14. An organism is a single-celled consumer made of prokaryotic cells. To what kingdom does it belong? Monera.
15. If we were using the three-domain system of classification, could you determine the domain of the organism in question #14? If so, give the domain. If not, give the possible domains in which it could be placed. Not exactly. The domains in which it could be placed are Archaea or Bacteria.
16a. Use the biological key the appendix to classify an owl(16a.) and a fly(16b.). 16a. Owl, Animalia. Chordata. Aves. 1.Macroscopic 3.Heteratrophic 5.Consumer 6.Backbone 22.Beak 23.No scales on skin 26.Feathers or hair 28.Feathers on body
16b. Use the biological key the appendix to classify an owl(16a.) and a fly(16b.). 16b. Fly, Animalia. Arthropoda. Insecta. Diptera. 1.Macroscopic 3.Heterotrophic 5.Consumer 6.No Backbone 7.Mirror sides 9.External plates 14.Three pairs of legs 16.Wings 17.Transparent wings18.No stinger
Created by: LiseBrinkley
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