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LCE SCIENCE
Human Biology & Health Ch 5. Section 1 - 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| pathogen | an organism that causes disease |
| infectious disease | a disease caused by the presence of a living thing in the body |
| toxin | a poison produced by bacterial pathogens that damages cells |
| inflammatory response | part of the body's defense against pathogens, in which fluid and white blood cells leak from blood vessels into tissues and destroy pathogens by breaking them down |
| phagocyte | a white blood cell that destroys pathogens by engulfing them and breaking them down |
| immune response | part of the body's defense against pathogens in which cells of the immune system react to each kind of pathogen with a defense targeted specifically at that pathogen |
| lymphocyte | white blood cells that distinguishes between each kind of pathogen |
| T cell | a lymphocyte that identifies pathogens and distinguishes one pathogen from another |
| antigen | a molecule that the immune system recognizes either as part of the body or as coming from outside the body |
| B cell | a lymphocyte that produces proteins that help destroy pathogens |
| antibody | a protein produced by a B cell of the immune system that destroys pathogens |
| AIDS | a disease caused by a virus that attacks the immune system |
| HIV | the virus that causes AIDS |
| immunity | the body's ability to destroy pathogens before they can cause disease |
| active immunity | immunity that occurs when a person's own immune system produces antibodies in response to the presence of a pathogen |
| vaccination | the process by which harmless antigens are deliberately introduced to a person's body to produce active immunity |
| vaccine | a substance used in a vaccination that consists of pathogens that have been weakened or killed but can still trigger the immune system into action |
| antibiotic | a chemical that kills bacteria or slows their growth without harming body cells |
| passive immunity | immunity in which antibodies are given to a person rather than produced within the person's own body |
| non infectious disease | a disease that is not caused by a pathogen |
| allergy | a disorder in which the immune system is overly sensitive to foreign substance |
| allergen | a substance that causes an allergy |
| histamine | a chemical that is responsible for the symptoms of an allergy |
| asthma | a disorder in which the respiratory passages narrow significantly |
| insulin | a chemical produced in the pancreas that enables the body's cells to take in glucose from the blood and use it for energy |
| diabetes | a condition in which the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin or the body's cells cannot use it properly |
| tumor | an abnormal tissue mass that results from the rapid division of cells |
| carcinogen | a substance or a factor in the environment that can cause cancer |
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mrsschaaf
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