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ApGenSciMod4
Apologia General Science Module 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A shovel is an example of a lever. To what class does a shovel belong? | third-class |
| A child's see-saw is a lever. To what class does it belong? | first-class |
| How is applied science different from science? | in motive. In applied science, the goal is to make something better. In science, the goal is simply to learn. |
| What gives rise to technology? | accident, science, or applied science |
| List the six types of simple machines. | lever, pulley, wheel and axle, inclined plane, wedge, and screw |
| Which two simple machines look identical? | inclined plane and the single wedge |
| What is the mechanical advantage of a first-class lever in which the fulcrum is 10 inches from the resistance and 40 inches from the effort? | M=distance from fulcrum to effort/distance from fulcrum to resistance M=40/10=4 |
| If you are having a hard time turning a screw, should you get a longer screwdriver or a fatter one? | fatter. The MA is dependent on the circumference of the screwdriver. |
| Science is motivated by the desire to __________ | understand. |
| In applied science, experiments are aimed at trying to find something _____________ | useful. |
| Technology is often the result of __________, __________________, or _____________. | accident, applied science, or science. |
| Experiments designed to determine why lightning bugs glow would be considered _________ experiments. | science. |
| Experiments designed to produce a device that glows like a lightning bug would be __________________. | applied science |
| If ever produced, the actual device would be considered __________________ | technology |
| The ______________ consists of a bar and a fulcrum. | lever |
| The ___________ consists of a wheel that connects to a cylinder. | wheel and axle |
| A ______________ consists of a wheel over which a rope or chain moves. | pulley |
| An _______________ is simply a ramp. | inclined plane |
| An inclined plane looks just like a ____________ but the difference is based on where the effort is exerted. | wedge |
| The effort is exerted along the ___________ of an inclined plane, but it is exerted against the _______________ of a wedge. | slope, short side |
| A ____________ is composed of an inclined plane wrapped around the cylinder of a _______________. | screw, wheel and axle |
| In a first class lever, the ____________ is between the effort and resistance. | fulcrum |
| The fulcrum ____________ the direction of the effort and magnifies the ____________. | changes, force |
| In a second-class lever, the _______________ is between the fulcrum and the effort. | resistance |
| The resistance in a second-class lever __________ the direction of the effort and magnifies the ___________. | does not change, force |
| In a third-class lever, the _________ is between the fulcrum and resistance. | effort |
| The effort in a 3rd class lever _________________ the direction of the effort and magnifies ______________. | does not change, speed |
| You can determine the mechanical advantage of a lever with the equation: | MA=(distance from fulcrum to effort) / (distance from fulcrum to resistance) |
| A single, fixed pulley offers no _____________, but it does ______________ the direction of the force. | mechanical advantage, change |
| If several pulleys are put together in a block-and-tackle system, there is a ____________, but you "pay" for it by needing to _________________. | mechanical advantage, pull more rope |
| The force with which you pull on a block-and-tackle system is multiplied by the _______________ in the system. | number of pulleys |
| If you turn the wheel of a wheel and axle, the mechanical advantage magnifies the ____________ of the effort. | force |
| If you turn the axle of a wheel and axle, the mechanical advantage magnifies the _____________ of the effort. | speed |
| The mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle can be calculated with the equation: | MA=(diameter of the wheel) / (diameter of the axle) |
| In an inclined plane, you can lift an object using less _____________, but you must push it over a _________________ distance. | force, longer |
| A ________________ looks just like an inclined plane, but it is used to separate things. | wedge |
| You can calculate the mechanical advantage of either a wedge or an inclined plane with the equation: | MA=(length of slope) / (height) |
| The mechanical advantage of a screw is calculated with the following equation: | MA=(circumference) / (pitch) |
| When grasping the screw's head, you use the circumference of the ______________. | screw's head |
| When using a screwdriver, you use the circumference of the ______________ | screwdriver |
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