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11 Biology
Chapter 2, Unit 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| virus | a structure that contains strands of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protective protein coat; it cannot live independently outside of cells |
| capsid | the outer protein layer that surrounds the genetic material of a virus |
| replication | the fundamental process of all cells, in which the genetic material is copied before the cell reproduces |
| lytic cycle | the replication process in viruses in which the virus's genetic material used the copying machinery of the host cell to make new viruses |
| lysogenic cycle | the replication process in viruses, in which the viral DNA enters the host cell's chromosome; it may remain dormant and later activate and instruct the host cell to produce more viruses |
| prion | an infectious particle that causes damage to nerve cells in the brain, and that appears to consist mostly or entirely of a single protien |
| bacterium (bacteria) | an individual prokaryotic cell or a single species that is in the domain Bacteria |
| archaeon (archaea) | an individual prokaryotic cell or a single species that is in the domain Archaea |
| bacillus (bacilli) | a micro-organism whose overall morphology is rod-shaped |
| methanogenesis | a biological (or chemical) process that produces methane as an by-product |
| extremophile | an organism that lives in habitats characterized by extreme conditions |
| mesophile | an organism that lives in habitats characterized by moderate conditions |
| binary fission | the asexual form of reproduction used by most prokaryotes (and some eukaryotic organelles), in which a cell divides into two genetically identical cells (or organelles) |
| conjugation | a process in which there is a transfer of genetic material involving two cells |
| endospore | a dormant bacterial cell able to survive for long periods during extreme conditions |
| Gram stain | a stain that separates bacteria into two major divisions (Gram positive and Gram negative) based on the cell wall's response to the stain |
| endosymbiosis | theory that explains how eukaryotic cells evolved fro the symbiotic relationship between two or more prokaryotic cells |
| endosymbiont | a cell that is engulfed by another cell in endosymbiosis |
| host cell | a cell that engulfs another cell in endosymbiosis |
| protist | a eukaryotic organism, usually unicellular, that is not a fungus, plant, or animal |
| parasite | an organism that benefits by living in or on another organism at the expense of that organism |
| pseudopod (pseudopodia) | a temporary cytoplasmic extension that amoebas use for feeding and movement |
| cilium (cilia) | a short, hair-like projection that functions in cell movement and particle manipulation when coordinated with other cilia |
| flagellum (flagella) | a long, hair-like projection extending from the cell membrane that propels the cell using a whip-like motion |
| red tide | a coastal phenomenon in which dinoflagellates that contain red pigments are so concentrated that the seawater has a distinct red colour |
Created by:
honey.deering
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