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Airway Management
Chapter 10 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Adams Apple | the projection at the front of the neck formed by the thyroid cartilage of the larynx, often prominent in men |
| Agonal respirations | gasping type of respirations that have no pattern and occur frequently; a sign of cardiac or respiratory arrest |
| Alveolar Ventilation | the amount of inspired air that reached the alveoli of the lungs |
| Alveoli | the air sacks in the lungs Pl of alveolus |
| Automatic Transport ventilator | a positive pressure ventilation device that delivers ventilations automatically |
| Bag Valve Mask | positive ventilations devise that consist of a bag with a nonrebreather valve and a mask, the bag is squeezed to deliver ventilations |
| Bilaterally | On both sides |
| Bilevel positive airway pressure | a form of nonivasive positive pressure ventilation. The BIPAP device delivers a continuous flow of air under pressure |
| Bradypnea | a breathing rate that is lower than normal |
| Bronchi | the two main branches leading from the trachea to the lungs providing the passageway for air movement |
| Bronchioles | small branches of the bronchi |
| Carina | the point at which the trachea splits into the left and right main stem bronchi |
| Chemoreceptors | receptors that constantly monitor the arterial content of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and the blood PH |
| Continuous Positive Airway Pressure | The CRAP device delivers a continuous flow of air under pressure |
| Cricoid Cartilage | The most inferior portion of the larynx and only full cartilaginous ring of the upper airway. It is felt immediately below the Thyroid Cartilage |
| Cricoid Pressure | Pressure applied to the Cricoid Cartilage to compress the esophagus. Also called "Sellick Maneuver" |
| Crossed Finger Technique | A tech and in which the thumb and index fingers on the jaw making a snapping motion to open the jaw |
| Crowing | A sound similar to that of a cawing crow that indicates that the muscles around the larynx are in spasm and beginning to narrow the opening to the trachea |
| Cyanosis | A blue-gray color of the mucous membranes and/or skin which indicates inadequate oxygenation or poor perfusion |
| Dead air space | anatomical areas in the respiratory track where the air collects during inhalation but no gas exchange |
| Deoxygenated | Containing low amounts of oxygen, as with Venous blood |
| Diaphram | The major muscle of respiration that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity |
| Epiglottis | a small leafed shaped flap of cartilaginous fissue located posterior to the root of the tongue (protects trachea from food/water) |
| Esophagus | passageway at the lower end of the pharynx that leads to the stomach |
| Exhalation/Expiration | The passive process of breathing air out the lungs |
| External Respiration | The gas exchange process that occurs between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries |
| Flow-restricted,oxygen-powered ventilation Device | a device that consist of a ventilation valve and trigger or button and is driven by oxygen |
| French Catheter- Scott Catheter | a thin tube made from medical grade materials serving a broad range of functions. Catheters are medical devices that can be inserted in the body to treat diseases or perform a surgical procedure |
| Gastric Distention | Inflation of the stomach |
| Gurgling | a gurgling sound that indicates a fluid is in the mouth or pharynx |
| Hard Catheter - Rigid Catheter | a rigid plastic tube that is a part of a suctioning system commonly refereed to as a tonsil tip or tonsil sucker |
| Head-tilt, chin-lift manuver | a manual technique used to open airway |
| Hemoglobin | a complex protein molecule found on the surface of the red blood cells that is responsible for carrying oxygen |
| High-pressure regulator | a one gauge regulator that is used to power the flow restricted, oxygen powered ventilation device. Flow rate CAN'T be adjusted |
| Hypofusion Shock -SHOCK | the insufficient delivery of oxygen and other nutrients to some of the body's cells inadequate elimination of carbon dioxide and other waste that result from inadequate circulation of blood. |
| Hydoxemia | a low oxygen content in arterial blood |
| Hypoxia | a reduced oxygen delivery to the tissue |
| Inhalation/Insipiration | The active process of breathing air into the lungs |
| Intercostal Muscles | The muscles in between the ribs |
| Internal resperations | the gas exchange process that occurs between the cells and the cappilaries |
| Jaw-thrust maneuver | a maneuver technique used to open the airway in the patient with a suspected spinal injury |
| Laryngectomy | A surgical procedure in which a patients larynx is partially or completely removed. A Stoma is created |
| Larynx | structures that house the vocal cords and is located inferior to the pharynx and superior to the trachea |
| Lower Airway | The portion of the respiratory system that extends from the trachea to the alveoli of the lungs |
| Minute Volume | the amount of air you breathe in one minute |
| Mucous Membrane | A thin layer of tissue that lines various structures within the body |
| nasal cannala | the oxygen delivery device that consists of two prongs that are inserted into the nose of the patient. 22-44% oxygen received. |
| Nasopharyngeal airway | a curved, hollow rubber tube with a flange or flare at the top and a bevel at the distal end that is inserted into the nose |
| oropharynx | the central portion of the pharynx lying between a soft plate and the epiglottis with the mouth as the opening |
| oxygen humidifier | a container that is filled with sterile water and connected to the oxygen regulator to add moisture |
| Oxygenated | Containing high amounts of oxygen, as with arterial blood |
| Oxygenation | the form of respiration where the blood uses its oxygen then it gets oxygen as it runs through the capillaries |
| Parietal pleura | the outermost pleural layer that adheres to the chest wall |
| Partial rebreather mask | an oxygen delivery device similar to a non breather but the patient breathes 2/3 of the bag oxygen and the rest from the air |
| Patent airway | an airway that is open and clear of any obstructions |
| Pharynx | the throat, or passageway for air from the nasal cvity to the larynx and passage way for food |
| Pleura | two layers of connective tissue that surrounds the lungs |
| Pleural Space | a small space between the visceral and parietal pleura that is at pressure and filled with the serous fluid |
| Positive pressure ventilation | method of aiding a patients whos breathing is inadequate by forcing air into his lungs |
| Pressure regulator | a device that reduces the high pressure in the oxygen cylinder to a safe range 1-15 lpm |
| Residual Volume | the air remains in the lungs after a maximal exhalation |
| Respiration | the exchange of gasses in the organs (lungs, capillaries) |
| Respiratory aresst | Complete stoppage of breathing - Also called Apnea |
| Respiratory Distress | Increase respiratory effort resulting from impaired respiratory function, while tidal volume and respiratory rate |
| Respiratory Failure | Insufficient respiratory rate and or tidal volume |
| Respiratory Rate | The number of breathes taken in one minute |
| Retractions | depressions in the neck, above the clavicles between the ribsXXXXXXXX |
| Rigid Catheter | A rigid plastic tube that is part of a suctioning system |
| Serous Fluid | Fluid that acts as a lubricant to reduce the friction between the parietal and visceral pleura |
| Simple Face Mask | A barrier device used in infection control. |
| Snoring | is the sound that is heard when the base of the tongue blocks the airway |
| Soft catheter | flexible tubing that is pat of the suctioning system also called french catheter |
| Stoma | a permanent surgical opening to the neck and trachea |
| Stridor | A harsh, high pitched sound heard on inspiration that indicates swelling of the larynx or obstruction of the airway |
| Tachypnea | breathing that is faster then normal |
| Therapy regulator | A device that controls the flow and pressure of oxygen from the tank to allow for a consistent flow of oxygen |
| Thyroid Cartilage | the bulky cartilage that forms the anterior portion of the larynx (adams apple) |
| Tidal Volume | the amount of air breathed in and out in one normal respiration |
| Tonsil tip/tonsil sucker | rigid suction catheter |
| Trachea | the tubelike structure that leads from the larynx to the lungs |
| Tracheostomy | a surgical opening in the trachea |
| Tracheostomy Mask | A mask that covers the opening in the patients neck which the Cannula-Tracheostomy goes through |
| Tracheostomy tube | a hollow tube that is inserted into the tracheostomy to allow the patient to breathe |
| Upper Airway | The portion of the respiratory system that extends from the nose and mouth to the larynx |
| Ventilation | the mechanical process by which air is moved in and out of the lungs |
| Venturi Mask | High flow oxygen mask----concentrated oxygen |
| Visceral Pleura | Inermost layer of the pleura that covers the lungs |
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