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Ch 3 Earth and Space
Definitions from BJU Press, Earth and Space Science, Ch 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| constellation | A group of star forming a recognizable pattern |
| gnomon | an upright stick or pole, a column of stones, a pyramid, or a tall stone pillar, that casts a shadow |
| quadrant | An instrument for measuring the altitude of celestial bodies the consists of a 90 degree arc with a movable sighting arm |
| refractor telescope | A refracting telescope is a type of optical telescope that uses a lens as its objective to form an image. |
| refract | to bend or break |
| objective lens | light gathering lens |
| ocular | magnifying lens |
| resolution | the ability of a telescope to bring out details in an image |
| wavelength | a slightly different angle of refraction in a given lens |
| compound lens | consists of several simple lenses, usually arranged along a common axis, avoiding chromatic aberration |
| reflector telescope | a telescope in which a mirror is used to collect and focus light, instead of a lens |
| Newtonian reflector | a telescope where the image is viewed from the sides of the tube |
| Cassegrainian reflector | is a combination of a primary concave mirror and a secondary convex mirror, often used in optical telescopes and radio antennas. |
| composite telescope | a telescope that uses both mirrors and a correcting objective lens to gather light |
| Shmidt-Cassegrainian telescope | a composite telescope with both a mirror and a lens |
| radio telescope | an instrument used to detect radio emissions from the sky, whether from natural celestial objects or from artificial satellites. |
| Hubble Space Telescope HST | is a special instrument that spans the optical and nonoptical categories of telescopes |
| coordinate | the astronomical equivalent of latitude and longitude |
| celestial equator | the plane of the earths equator projected in the sky |
| declination DEC | A stars angular distance north or south of the celestial equator |
| right ascension RA | A star longitudinal position |
| prime hour circle | the starting line for right ascension |
| magnitude | the measure of its relative brightness |
| red shift | the stretching of wavelengths of their light with increasing distance |
| proper motion | movement across the sky as we see it |
| radial motion | movement directly toward or away from us |
| temperature | is the measure of hotness or coldness of an object (stars) |
| supergiant | a red star that is five hundred times larger than the sun |
| white dwarf | Very hot blue white stars that are relatively small |
| density | the degree of compactness of a substance |
| eclipsing binary | a binary star whose brightness varies periodically as the two components pass one in front of the other. |
| Cepheid variable | a variable star having a regular cycle of brightness with a frequency related to its luminosity. |
| period | the time it takes for one bright spurt to the next |
| nova | a star that is visible for several months or years, then will fade away |
| supernova | an exploding star |
| neutron star | a cloud of dust from a supernova |
| star cluster | |
| galaxy | |
| nebula | |
| quasar | |
| black hole |
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