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AP Biology Ch.1

Key terms from Chapter 1

QuestionAnswer
Species An ancestor-descendant lineage of population of closely related organisms
Scientific Method Gaining knowledge about the natural world by making observations, making hypothesis and conducting experiments
Protein Fundamental building substances of living organisms. Long chain of amino acids with twenty different common side chains.
Prokaryotes Organisms whose genetic material is not contained within a nucleus; bacteria and archaea, Earlier stage in evolution than eukaryotes
Photosynthesis Metabolic process carried out by green plants; which light is trapped and the energy used to make compounds such as glucose and ATP
Organelles Organized structure found in eukaryotic cells. (Ex: chloroplast, mitochondria)
Null Hypothesis The claim that an effect proposed by its companion hypothesis does not exist.
Nucleotide Basic chemical unit in a nucleic acid. RNA consists of a nitrogenous base linked to ribose. DNA, deoxyribose is present instead of ribose.
Natural Selection Differential contribution of offspring to next generation by various genetic types belonging to same population
Metabolism Sum total of chemical reactions that occur in an organism.
Hypothesis Unconfirmed answer to a question, which testable predictions can be generated.
Genome All genes in a complete haploid set of chromosomes
Experiment A testing process to support or disprove hypothesis and to answer questions.
Evolution Any genetic and resulting phenotypic change in organism from generation to generation
Eukaryotes Organism made up of one or more complex cells in which genetic material is contained in the nuclei
Domain Three monophyletic branch of life (Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya) are believed to have been evolving separately for at least a billion years
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) Fundamental hereditary material of all living organisms. Eukaryotes stored in cell nucleus.
Controlled Experiment Two groups, first group exposed to manipulated variable, second group serves as non-treated control. Groups are compared to see if there are changed in "dependent" variable as a result of experimental manipulation.
Comparative Method Two samples are exposed to different condition or treatments are compared
Bacteria Unicellular organisms lacking a nucleus, possessing distinctive ribosomes and initiator tRNA, and contain peptidoglycan in the cell wall
Archaeans Unicellular organism lacking nucleus and peptidoglycan in cell wall
Adaptation Particular structure, or physiological behavioral process that makes an organism better able to survive and reproduce
Created by: semperfi9009
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