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LCE SCIENCE
Human Biology & Health Ch 2. Section 1- 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| nutrients | substances in food that provide the raw materials and energy the body needs to carry out all its essential processes |
| calorie | the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius |
| carbohydrate | nutrient composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen that is a major source of energy |
| glucose | a sugar that is the major source of energy for the body's cells |
| protein | nutrient that contains nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen and oxygen ; they are needed for tissue growth and repair and play a part in chemical reactions within cells |
| vitamin | molecules that act as helpers in a variety of chemical reactions within the body |
| mineral | nutrients that are needed by the body in small amounts and are not made by living things |
| digestion | the process by which the body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules |
| esophagus | a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach |
| mucus | a thick , slippery substance produced by the body |
| small intestine | the part of the digestive system in which most chemical digestion takes place |
| liver | the largest organ in the body ; it plays a role in many processes |
| gallbladder | the organ that stores the bile after it is produced by the liver |
| large intestine | the last section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed into the bloodstream and the remaining material is eliminated from the body |
| rectum | the end of the large intestine where waste material is compressed into a solid from before being eliminated |
| absorption | the process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of your digestive system into your blood |
| saliva | the fluid released when the mouth waters that plays an important role in both mechanical and chemical digestion |
| enzyme | the protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body |
| epiglottis | a flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering |
| peristalsis | involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving along in one direction through the digestive system |
| stomach | J - shaped , muscular pouch located in the abdomen |
| bile | is the substance that breaks up fat particles |
| pancreas | produces enzymes that flow into the small intestine and break down starches , proteins and fats |
| villus | or villi absorb nutrient molecules |
| anus | a muscular opening at the end of the rectum through which waste material is eliminated from the body |
Created by:
mrsschaaf
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