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Honors Biology S1 17
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Amino Acids | Compounds with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other. |
Macromolecules | Very big molecules; formed by polymerization. |
Polymerization | The fusing of smaller compounds to make larger ones. |
Carbohydrates | Hydrogen, Carbon, Oxygen (1:2:1): Building blocks are simple sugars; main energy source for living things. |
Amino group (i.e. -NH2) | Left side of cell grouping |
Side Chain (variable) | Bottom of cell grouping |
Carboxyl Group | Right side of cell grouping |
Proteins | Macromolecules that contain nitrogen as well as hydrogen, carbon and oxygen. Some control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes. |
Acid | Any compound that forms hydrogen (H+) ions in solutions. pH<7. |
Neutral | pH=7 (Pure Water) |
Base | Any compound that produces hydroxide (OH) ions in solutions. pH>7. |
pH | Power Of Hydrogen |
Enzymes | Proteins that act as biological catalysts (speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction). Affected by time, temperature, and pH. |
Monosaccharide | "One sugar" i.e. C6H1206. Molecules can have different shapes and/or arrangements of atoms/ions. (Examples: Glactose, Fructose [fruits], and galactose) |
Disaccharide | "Two sugars" Double Molecule sugars. Examples: Lactose, Maltose, Sucrose. |
Polysaccharide | "Many Sugars" Have long chains; many simple sugars joined together. (Examples: Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose.) |
Elements are made of | only one kind of atom. |
What is shared when a covalent bond occurs? | Electrons |
What are the outermost electrons are called? | Valence electrons |
A solution is a | evenly distributed mixture of two or more substances. |