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Chapter 18 terms
Chapter 18 terms.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ecology | the study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and with their environment |
| biotic | describes living factors in the environment |
| abiotic | describes the nonliving part of the environment, including water, rocks, light, and temperture. |
| population | a group of organisms of the same species that live in a specific geographical area. |
| community | all of the populations of species that live in the same habitat and interact with each other. |
| ecosystem | a community of organisms and their abiotic, or nonliving, environment. |
| biosphere | the part of the Earth where life exists. |
| herbivore | an organism that only eats plants. |
| carnivore | an organism that eats animals |
| omnivore | an organism that eats both plants and animals. |
| food chain | the pathway of energy transfer through various stages as a result of the feeding patterns of a series of organisms. |
| food web | a diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organims in an ecosystem. |
| energy pyramid | a triangular diagram that shows an ecosystem's loss of energy, which results as energy passes through the ecosystem's food chain. |
| carrying capacity | the largest population that an environment can support at any given time. |
| prey | an organism that is killed and and eaten by another organism. |
| predator | an organism that eats all or part of another organism. |
| symbiosis | a relationship in which two different organisms live in close association with each other. |
| mutualism | a relationship between two species in which both species benefit. |
| commensalism | a relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected. |
| parasitism | a relationship between two species in which one species, the parasite, benefits from the other species, the host, which is harmed. |
| coevolution | the evolution of two species that is due to mutual influence, often in a way that makes the relationship more beneficial to both species. |
| photosynthesis | the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food. |
| decomposers | an organism that gets energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms or animal wastes and consuming or absorbing the nutrients. |
| scavengers | omnivores that eat dead plants and animals. |
| consumers | an organism that eats other organisms or organic matter. |
| producers | an organism that can make its own food by using energy from its surroundings. |
| limiting factor | a resource so scarce it limits the size of a population. |
| competition | when two or more populations try to use the same resource. |
| camoflauge | blending in with the surroundings. |
| pollinator | an organism that carries pollen from one flower to another. |
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spirit of the west
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