Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
A&P 1 Introduction
Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| -What is physiology and what does it attempt to explain? | Physiology is the study of function and attempts to explain how and why humans function. |
| -What is the reductionist order of a human being? | Organism->Organ System->Organ->Tissue->Cell->Organelle |
| -What is the basic unit of life? | The cell. |
| -How many cells does the average human body contain? | About 100 trillion, or 100,000,000,000,000. |
| -How many different types of cells are in the human body? | About two hundred. |
| -What are cells composed of? | Organelles and macromolecules such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids. |
| -What are organelles made of? | Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids. |
| -Name the parts of a prototypical cell. | Microtubules, nucleus, Golgi complex, lysosomes, flagellum, plasma membrane, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, rough endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, cytosol, vesicles, centrioles, and mitochondria. |
| -What does the plasma membrane do? | It separates the cell exterior from the cell interior. |
| Describe the nucleus of a cell. | The nucleus is a membrane-bound structure that contains DNA, which is the set of instructions for the synthesis of the whole body's proteins. |
| -What does DNA stand for? | Deoxyribonucleic acid. |
| -Describe mitochondria. | Structures bound by a double membrane, mitochondria serve as the site where the energy stored in sugars and other organic molucules is transferred to ATP. |
| -Describe ribosomes. | Sites of protein synthesis, no membrane, may be free-floating or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum. |
| -Describe the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum. | Membranous set of tubes with ribosomes studded along its surface. It's the site of the synthesis of proteins that will be exported from the cell. |
| -Describe the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum. | Endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes. It's the site of cellular lipid synthesis. |
| -Describe the Golgi Apparatus. | It is responsible for determining the direction of proteins synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and it has a membrane. |
| -Describe lysosomes. | It houses digestive enzymes that can be used to break down ingested toxins or worn down cell parts. It has a membrane. |
| -Define an enzyme. | A protein produced by a cell that is capable of breaking down organic compounds by catalytic action, such as digestion. |
| -Define an organ. | A structure made of two or more tissue types that performs a particular function. |
| -Define an organ system. | A group of organs with a unique collective function. |
| -How many organ systems are there in the human body? | Eleven. |
| -What are the structures of the Integumentary System? | Skin, hair, sweat glands and oil glands. |
| -What are the functions of the Integumentary System? | External body covering, vitamin D synthesis, preventing desiccation, heat loss and pathogen entry, sensing pain and pleasure. |
| -How many bones are in the human body? | Two hundred and six (206). |
| -What are the functions of the skeletal system? | Protect and support the body organs, provide a framework used by muscles to create movement, hemopoiesis and mineral storage. |
| -How many muscles are in the Muscular System? | More than 600. |
| -What are the functions of the Muscular System? | Locomotion, manipulation of the environment, maintaining posture and thermogenesis. |
| -What is hemopoiesis? | Production of blood cells. |
| -What is thermogenesis? | Generation of heat. |
| -What are the components of the nervous system? | The brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves. |
| -What are the functions of the nervous system? | Fast-acting control of the body, monitoring the internal and external environment, responding to stimuli by initiating muscular or glandular activity. |
| -What are the components of the Endocrine System? | Hormone-secreting glands: pituitary, thyroid, thymus, pineal, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, small intestine, stomach, testes, ovaries, kidneys, heart. |
| -What are the main functions of the Endocrine System? | Regulating growth, reproduction and nutrient use. |
| -What are the structures of the Cardiovascular System? | The heart and blood vessels. |
| -What are the three types of blood vessel? | Arteries, veins and capillaries. |
| -What are the functions of the Cardiovascular System? | Pumping blood to the body, transporting nutrients (glucose, amino acids, lipids), gases (O2 and CO2), wastes (urea, creatinine), signaling molecules (hormones), and heat. |
| -What are the structures of the Lymphatic/Immune System? | Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, red bone marrow. |
| -What are the functions of the Lymphatic/Immune System? | Returning "leaked" fluid to the bloodstream, disposing of debris, attacking and resisting foreign invaders. |
| -What are the structures of the Respiratory System? | Nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs. |
| -What are the functions of the Respiratory System? | Supply the blood with O2 and remove CO2, regulate the blood's pH level. |
| -What are the structures of the Digestive System? | Oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder. |
| -What are the functions of the Digestive System? | Ingestion and breakdown of food into absorbable units. |
| -What are the structures of the Urinary System? | The kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. |
| -What are the functions of the Urinary System? | Removal of nitrogenous waste, regulation of the body's levels of water, electrolytes and acidity. |
| -What are the structures of the Male Reproductive System? | Testes, scrotum, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra, prostate gland, seminal vesicles, penis. |
| -What are the structures of the Female Reproductive System? | Ovaries, uterine tube, uterus, cervix, vagina, mammary glands. |
| -What are the functions of the Reproductive System? | Production of offspring. |
| -Define emergent properties. | Properties of a whole that begin to exist (emerge) when individual parts combine to form the whole. |
| -Define homeostasis. | The body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions despite changing external conditions. |
| -Where are the sensory receptors for blood pressure located in the human body? | In the aorta arch and the carotid arteries. |
| -What are the carotid arteries? | The large vessels that bring blood to the brain. |
| -What part of the brain controls blood pressure? | The medulla oblongata. |
| -What is the afferent pathway? | The connection between the receptor and control center for blood pressure. |
| -What is an effector organ? | An organ to which a signal is sent by the brain to correct an issue. |
| -What is the efferent pathway? | The connection between the control center and the effector organ. |
| -Define Positive and Negative Feedback. | Positive Feedback is where the body respond in a way that augments a change. Negative Feedback is where the body responds in a way that counteracts the effects of a stimulus. |
| -Which is more common in the human body- Positive or Negative Feedback? | Negative Feedback. |
| -Give two examples of positive feedback in the human body. | Childbirth and blood clotting. |
| -What chemical causes uterine contractions and is produced in response to cervical stretching? | Oxytocin. |
| -What are the two divisions of body fluid? | Intracellular fluid (ICF) and Extracellular fluid (ECF). |
| -What are the two main types of ECF? | Interstitial fluid and blood. |
| -What is interstitial fluid? | The fluid that surrounds the cells, or tissue fluid. |
| -Define pathology. | The study of disease. |
| -Define embryology. | The study of how a zygote turns into a full-grown human. |
| -Define zygote. | A fertilized egg. |
Created by:
Cristobal16
Popular Biology sets