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Pharmacology
Chapter 20 Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acetylcholine | The neurotransmitter responsible for transmission of nerve impulses to effector cells in the parasympathetic nervous system. |
| Acetylcholinesterase | The enzyme responsible for the breakdown of acetylcholine. |
| Alzheimer's disease | A disease of the brain that is characterized by progressive mental deterioration manifested by confusion, disorientation, and loss of memory, ability to calculate, and visual-spatial orientation. |
| Atony | A lack of normal muscle tone. |
| Cholinergic Crisis | Sever muscle weakness and respiratory paralysis due to excessive acetylcholine; often seen in patients with myasthenia gravis as an adverse effect of drugs used to treat disorder. |
| Cholinergic receptor | A nerve receptor that is stimulated by acetylcholine |
| Miosis | The contraction of the pupil. |
| Muscarinic receptors | Cholinergic receptors that are located postsynaptically in the effector organs such as smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands supplied by parasympathetic fibers. |
| Nicotinic receptors | Cholinergic receptors located in the ganglia (where presynaptic and postsynaptic nerve fibers meet) of both the parasympathetic nervous system and the sympathetic nervous system; so named because they can be stimulated by the alkaloid nicotine |
| Parasympathomimetics | Drugs that mimic the parasympathetic nervous system; also referred to as cholinergic agonist drugs. |
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