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Unit 1 ch 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Organic compound | All organic compounds associated w life contain hydrogen and carbon atoms |
| Macromolecules | Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids |
| Hydrocarbons | Organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen |
| Functional groups | a group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a particular compound. |
| Polymer | A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds |
| Monomer | The repeating units that serve as the building blocks of a polymer are smaller molecules |
| Enzymes | Specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions |
| Dehydration reaction | Monomers are connected by a reaction by which two molecules are covalently bonded to each other WITHOUT a water molecule |
| Hydrolysis | Polymers are disassembled to monomers WITH water |
| Monosaccharide | Have a molecular formula that are some multiple of the unit CH2O |
| Carbohydrates | Include both sugars and polymers of sugars |
| Disaccharide | Consists of two monosaccharides, joined by a glycosidic linkage |
| Glycosidic linkage | A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction |
| Polysaccharide | Are macromolecules, polymers with a few hundred to a few thousand monosaccharides |
| Starch | A polymer of glucose monomers, as granules within cells |
| Glycogen | A polymer of glucose |
| Cellulose | A major component of the tough walls that enclose plant cells |
| Lipids | They mix poorly with water ; they are hydrophobic |
| Fat | Constructed from two kinds of smaller molecules |
| Fatty acid | Has a long carbon skeleton usually 16 or 18 carbon atoms in length |
| Triacylglycerol | 3 fatty acid molecules joined to glycerol by an ester linkage |
| Saturated fatty acid | Saturated fatty acid no double bonds between carbon atoms composing a chain, then as many hydrogen atoms as possible are boned to the carbon skeleton |
| Unsaturated fatty acid | Has one or more double bonds with one fewer hydrogen atom on each double-bonded carbon |
| Phospholipid | Major constituents of cell membranes |
| Catalyst | Chemical agents that speed up a chemical reaction |
| Peptide bond | A covalent chemical bond that links a polypeptide |
| Denaturation | When the weak chemical bonds and interactions within a protein are destroyed causing a protein to unravel and lose its native shape |
| Polynucleotide | Nucleic acids are macromolecules that exist as polymers |
| Nucleotides | Each polynucleotide consists or monomers |
| Pyrimidine | One six-membered ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms |
| Purines | Larger w a 6-membered ring fused to a five - membered ring |
Created by:
Lohi