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C712 - Environment
Marketing Environment
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Consumerism | Social force within the environment |
The Social-Cultural Environment | The relationship between the marketer, society, and culture |
VoIP (voice over Internet protocol) | A phone connection through a personal computer with any type of broadband Internet connection |
Demarketing | Reducing consumer demand for a good or service to a level that the firm can supply |
Unemployment | Proportion of people in the economy actively seeking work but do not have jobs |
discretionary income | the amount of money people have to spend after buying necessities |
Inflation | devalues money by reducing the products it can buy through persistent price increases |
Deflation | can cause: A freefall in business profits Lower returns on most investments Widespread job layoffs |
Prosperity | Consumer spending is brisk; growth in services sector |
Recession | Consumers focus on basic, functional products |
Depression | Consumer spending sinks to its lowest level |
Recovery | Consumer purchasing power increases |
Stages in the Business cycle | Prosperity, Recession, Depression, Recovery |
Gross domestic product (GDP) | Sum of all goods and services produced by a nation in a year |
Economic environment | Factors that influence consumer buying power and marketing strategies |
Business cycle | Pattern of stages in the level of economic activity |
The Political-Legal Environment | Consists of laws and their interpretations that require firms to operate under competitive conditions and to protect consumer rights |
Time-based competition | Strategy of developing and distributing goods more quickly than competitors |
Competitive strategy | Methods through which a firm deals with its competitive environment |
Direct Competition | Among marketers of similar products |
Indirect Competition | Involves products that are easily substituted |
Antitrust laws | Designed to prevent restraints on trade such as business monopolies |
Oligopoly | Few number of sellers in an industry with high start-up costs which keep out new competitors |
Monopoly | Market structure in which a single seller dominates trade in a good or service for which buyers can find no close substitutes |
The Competitive Environment | Interactive process that occurs in the marketplace among: Marketers of directly competitive products, Marketers of products that can be substituted for one another, Marketers competing for the consumer’s purchasing power |
Strategic alliance | Partnership in which two or more companies combine resources and capital to create competitive advantages in a new market |
Environmental Management | Attainment of organizational objectives by predicting and influencing the competitive, political-legal, economic, technological, and social- cultural environments |
Environmental Scanning | Collecting external marketing environment information to identify and interpret potential trends |