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Chapter 2 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atom | the smallest basic unit of matter |
| Element | Substance made up of only one type of atom that cannot be broken down by chemical means |
| Compound | Substance made up of atoms of different elements that are bonded together in a particular ratio |
| Ion | Atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons |
| Ionic Bond | Chemical bond formed through the electrical force between oppositely charged ions |
| Covalent Bond | Chemical bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons |
| Molecule | Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds; not necessarily a compound |
| Hydrogen Bond | Attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom |
| Cohesion | Attraction between molecules of the same substance |
| Adhesion | Attraction between molecules of different substances |
| Solution | Mixture that is consistent throughout; also called a homogeneous mixture |
| Solvent | Substance in which solutes dissolve and that is present in greatest concentration in a solution |
| Solute | substance that dissolves in a solvent and is present at a lower concentration than the solvent |
| Acid | compound that donates a proton when dissolved in a solution |
| Base | compound that accepts a proton when dissolved in a solution |
| pH | measurement of acidity; related to free hydrogen ion concentration in solution |
| Monomer | molecular subunit of a polymer |
| Polymer | large, carbon-based molecule formed from monomers |
| Carbohydrate | molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes sugars and starches. |
| Lipid | nonpolar molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes fats and oils |
| Fatty Acid | hydrocarbon chain often bonded to glycerol in a lipid |
| Protein | polymer composed of amino acids linked by peptide bands; folds into a particular structure depending on bonds between amino acids |
| Amino Acid | molecule that makes up protein; composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur |
| Nucleic Acid | polymer of nucleotides; the genetic material of organisms |
| Chemical Reaction | process by which substances change into different substances through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds |
| Reactant | substance that is changed by a chemical reaction |
| Product | substance formed by a chemical reaction |
| Bond Energy | amount of energy needed to break a bond between two particular atoms; or the amount of energy released when a bond is formed between two particular atoms |
| Equilibrium | condition in which reactants and products of a chemical reaction are formed at the same rate |
| Activation Energy | energy input necessary to initiate a chemical reaction |
| Exothermic | chemical reaction that yields a net release of energy in the form of heat |
| Endothermic | chemical reaction that requires a net input of energy |
| Catalyst | substance that decreases activation energy and increases reaction rate in a chemical reaction |
| Enzyme | protein that catalyzes chemical reactions for an organism |
| Substrate | reactant in a chemical reaction upon which an enzyme acts |
Created by:
mbaker36
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