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Mol.CellBio Ch2
Chemical Foundations
| Term | Definitions |
|---|---|
| Amino acid | Monomeric building blocks of proteins |
| Amphipathic | A molecule with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions. |
| Disulfide bond | Two Sulfur atoms covalently bonded together as a result of oxidation. |
| Energy coupling | Energy stored in a phosphoanhydride bond being transferred to a reactant by breaking the bond in ATP and forming a covalent bond between the released phosphate group and one of the reactants. |
| Fatty acids | Energy source; precursors for phospholipids and many other lipids with a variety of functions. |
| Hydrophobic Effect | The formation of rigid hydrogen-bonded pentagons and hexagons around nonpolar molecules. |
| Nucleotides | A nucleoside with one or more phosphate groups linked via an ester bond to the sugar moiety, generally to the 5' carbon atom. DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides. |
| Nucleosides | A small molecule composed of a purine or pyrimidine base linked to a pentose. |
| Phosphoanhydride bonds | A type of high-energy bond formed between two phosphate groups, such as the gamma and beta phosphates and the beta and alpha phosphates in ATP. |