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Bio101Unit1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the scientific method in order? | Observation, question, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion |
| What is scientific fact? | Discrete, small bits of information based on observation. |
| What is scientific law? | Describes how nature acts under certain conditions without explaining why. |
| What is scientific theory? | Explains how nature works. General set of principles that has explanatory power. |
| What is the hierarchical organization of life in order? | Atom, molecules, organelles, cells, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, biosphere |
| What are the eight things that define life? | Energy, response to the environment, constant internal environment, inherited information, reproduction, one or many cells, evolve from other living things: have a common ancestor, highly organized. |
| What is matter? | Anything that takes up space and has mass. |
| What is an atom made out of? | And outer electron shell and a nucleus. |
| What are the three subatomic particles with their charges? | Protons â positive, neutrons â neutral, electrons â negative |
| What is an element? | One kind of atom packed together |
| What determines the atomic number? | The number of protons |
| What determines the atomic weight? | The number of protons and neutrons added together |
| What is the most abundant element? | Oxygen |
| What causes an isotope? | When an atom has a different number of neutrons in the nucleus. |
| How are covalent bonds formed? | When two atoms share electrons |
| What are ionic bonds? | When an atom gives away electrons and another atom is there to accept electrons |
| What percentage of earths surface is ocean water? | 71% |
| What percentage of the human body weight comes from water? | 66% |
| What are hydrophilic compounds? | Compounds that interact with water, water loving compounds, ionic compounds like sodium chloride. |
| What are hydrophobic compounds? | Compounds that do not interact with water, water fearing compounds, non-polar covalent molecules. |
| What is an acid? | An acid is a substance that releases H ions when put in water. |
| What is a base? | A base is a substance that releases hydroxide ions in water. |
| What does pH stand for? | Power of hydrogen. |
| What levels of pH are acids and bases? | Acids: 0â7 bases: 7â14 |
| What is organic chemistry? | A branch of chemistry that study compounds with carbon as the central element. |
| What are functional groups? | A group of atoms that gives a special property to a carbon-based molecules. |
| Is carboxyl or hydroxyl an alcohol? | Hydroxyl |
| What are the monomers and polymers for nucleic acids? | Nucleotides and nucleic acids |
| What are the monomers and polymers for carbohydrates? | Monosaccharides and polysaccharides |
| What are the monomers and polymers for lipids? | Trick question there are none.ð |
| What are the monomers and polymers for proteins? | Amino acids and polypeptides. |
| What is hydrolysis? | To split with water |
| What is dehydration synthesis? | The opposite of hydrolysis. |
| What are carbohydrates made of? | Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen. |
| True or false: sucrose is a monosaccharide. | False |
| True or false: starch is a polysaccharide. | True |
| True or false: animals store glycogen as sugar in the liver. | True |
| True or false: cellulose is found in the exoskeleton of insects. | False |
| What are lipids made out of? | Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen but with more hydrogen compared to oxygen. |
| True or false: lipids are insoluble in water. | True |
| What are the four types of lipids? | Glycerides, steroids, phospholipids, and waxes |
| What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids? | Saturated fatty acids do not have double bonds and are solid at room temperature. |
| What makes up a phospholipid? | One glycerol +2 fatty acids +1 phosphate group +1 nitrogen containing group. |
| Where are waxes usually found? | On the surface of plants as cuticles. |
| How many amino acids are there? | 20 |
| What are the levels of protein structure? | Primary, secondary, tertiary, quarternary |
| What are lipoproteins? | Lipids and proteins |
| Which has a higher level of lipids: LDL or HDL? | LDL |
| What are glycoproteins? | Carbohydrates and proteins |
| True or false: glycoproteins make up most of the cell structure receptors. | True |
| What does DNA stand for? | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| What does RNA stand for? | Ribonucleic acid. |
| What are the four types of nucleotides? | Adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine |
| What nucleotide is specific to RNA? | Uracil |
| What three parts make up a nucleic acid? | A phosphate group, sugar, a base. |
| What connects the parts of nucleic acids? | Hydrogen bonds |
| What is a nutrient? | A substance, contained in food, that does one of these three: provide energy, provide a structural building block for the body, help regulate a physical process in the body. |
| What are the six classes of nutrients? | Water, vitamins, carbohydrates, minerals, proteins, lipids |
| What are minerals? | Chemical elements needed by the body either to form bodily functions or to facilitate chemical reactions. |
| True or false: all minerals are elements. | True |
| What are vitamins? | Chemical compounds that are needed in strictly small quantities to facilitate chemical reactions. |
| What is a nutritional calorie? | The amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1000 g of water by 1°C. |
| True or false: each gram of carbohydrates and proteins yield 9 cal of energy while each gram of lipids yield 4 calories. | False |
| How many of the 20 amino acids needed for protein synthesis can be produced by the body? | 11 |
| Which of these two are indigestible carbs: starches or fibers? | Fibers |
| What are empty calories? | Calories not accompanied by vitamins or minerals. |
| True or false: fibers cause the cholesterol level in the blood to rise and heighten the glycemic load. | False |
| Which form of lipids are healthier: saturated or unsaturated? | Unsaturated |
| Which kind of fats should be avoided? | Trans fats |
| True or false: food pyramids tell you exactly how much food you should eat. | False: food pyramids give you a guideline. |
Created by:
Lauren sternes
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