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Chapter 1
Using energy and heat
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| energy | ability to cause change |
| potential energy | stored energy due to the interaction between objects or particles |
| chemical energy | the energy stored in and released from the bonds between atoms |
| nuclear energy | the energy stored in and released from the nucleus of an atom |
| kinetic energy | energy due to motion |
| electric energy | the energy in an electric current |
| mechanical energy | the sum of the potential energy and the kinetic energy in a system |
| thermal energy | the sum of the kinetic energy and the potential energy of the particles that make up the object |
| wave | disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another without transferring matter |
| sound energy | energy carried by sound waves |
| radiant energy | energy carried by electromagnetic waves |
| law of conversation of energy | says that energy can be transformed from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed |
| energy transfer | when energy moves from one object to another without changing form |
| energy transformation | when one form of energy is converted to another form of energy |
| work | transfer of energy that occurs when a force makes an object move I the direction of the force. Is only being done while the force is acting on the object |
| open system | system that exchanges matter or energy with the environment |
| closed system | system that doesn't exchange matter or energy with the environment |
| renewable energy resource | an energy resource that is replaced as fast as, or faster, than it is used |
| nonrenewable energy resource | an energy resource that is available in limited mounts or that is used faster than it can be replaced in nature |
| temperature | the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a material |
| heat | the movement of thermal energy from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature |
| conduction | transfer of thermal energy by collisions between particles in matter |
| radiation | the transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves |
| convection | the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of the particles from one part of a material to another |
| vaporization | the change of state from a liquid to a gas |
| thermal conductor | material in which thermal energy moves quickly |
| thermal insulator | a material in which thermal energy moves slowly |
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