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micro ch 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the components of capsules & slimes? | polypeptides, polysaccharides, and glycoproteins |
| Klebsiella pnuemoniae causes | lung infections |
| Porphyomonas gingivalis causes | gingivitis |
| Bacteriodes causes | plaque |
| Streptococcus salivarius can be found on babies as early as? | 6-9 months old |
| Which of the following are virulence factors? (3 answers) | fimbriae, slimes, and capsules |
| Bacteria can grow wherever water is present. When they have capsules & slimes they can form ___ where multiple organisms live together ecologically. | biofilms |
| Capsules are typically viewed using__staining techniques. | positive and negative |
| Of the following wavelengths, (AC circuits, television and radio broadcasting, infrared, gamma rays) which one has the highest energy? | gamma rays |
| Who is given credit for making the first crude, simple microscope? | leeuwenhoek |
| If the image is black and white and flat with great detail so that individual organelles can be seen, what kind of microscope was used to make the micrograph? | transmission electron microscope |
| What is the total magnification if the objective lens magnifies 10x and the ocular lens magnifies 4x? | 40 |
| The purpose of a simple stain is ___ | to view the specimens more clearly |
| Place the following steps of the Gram staining technique in order from the first step after preparing the smear: | step 1: Apply Crystal violet for 60 seconds and rinse step 2: Apply Gram's iodine for 60 seconds and rinse step 3: Apply decolorizing agent for 10-20 seconds and rinse. step 4: Apply safranin for 60 seconds and rinse. |
| It's important to allow the smear to completely air dry before heat fixing it. (T/F) | true |
| The amplitude is the ___ of the wave | height |
| The wavelength is the distance between ___ | one peak and the next |
| ___ occurs when light passes from one medium, such as air, to another, such as glass, changing the direction of the light rays. | refraction |
| When light passes through a convex lens, it is refracted ____ a focal point on the other side of the lens. The focal length is the distance to the focal point. | Towards |
| Light passing through a concave lens is refracted ___ a focal point in front of the lens. | away from |
| The electromagnetic spectrum ranges from high-frequency put them in order | cosmic radiation, gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet, infrared, terahertz radiation, radar, tv and radio, and ac circuits |
| Who is credited as being the first person to observe microbes, including bacteria, which he called “animalcules” and “wee little beasties.” | Leewenhoek |
| Who invented the telescope? | Galileo Galilei |
| ___ is the differences in intensity between two objects or between an object and its background | contrast |
| Contrast general principles are? | Important in determining resolution, staining increases contrast, Use of light that is in phase increases contrast, (resolution ability to get a clean and defined image) |
| Total magnification = | magnification of objective lens x magnification of ocular lens |
| What is a darkfield microscope? | An opaque light stop inserted is used to produce a darkfield image. The light stop blocks light traveling directly from the illuminator to the objective lens, allowing only light reflected or refracted off the specimen to reach the eye. |
| What is an electron microscope? | use magnets to focus electron beams similarly to the way that light microscopes use lenses to focus light. |
| What is a transmission electron microscope used for? | shows well-defined internal structures of the cells because of varying levels of opacity in the specimen. (not in color) |
| What is a SEM used for? | to render three-dimensional images of the surface structure of cells. |
| composed of single dye is called? | simple stain |
| Examples of a differential (use more than one dye) stain are? | Gram stain Acid-fast stain Endospore stain Histological stains |
| Examples of special stains (reveal specific structures) are? | Negative (capsule) stain & Flagellar stain |
| Examples of a simple stain are? | Methylene blue & Crystal violet |
| The gram stain process is used for? | to distinguish between gram-neg and gram-positive bacteria |
| The steps in gram staining process are? | 1) crystal violet 2) iodine 3) alcohol 4) safranin |
| Indian-ink is used for? | to stain the background of a cell such as yeast |
Created by:
acacianero
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