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BSX P&A Definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Tropism | Directional plant growth response towards or away from a directional stimulus |
| Nastic Movement | Rapid and immediate plant movements caused by turgor pressure changes in response to a stimulus |
| Zeitgeber | Environmental cue that resets the biological clock in order to sync with the environment |
| Entrainment | The reset of the biological clock by a zeitgeber |
| Short Day Plants | (Long night plants) Plants that will not flower until a certain period of uninterrupted darkness Photoperiod shorter than a certain critical day length |
| Long Day Plants | (Short night plants) Plants that will not flower unless they are exposed to short periods of uninterrupted darkness Photoperiod must be longer than a certain critical day length |
| Day Neutral Plants | Insensitive to photoperiod |
| Annual Plant | Takes one year to complete biological lifecycle |
| Biennial Plant | Takes two years to complete biological lifecycle |
| Perennial Plant | Lives for more than two years |
| Biological Rhythm | cyclic changes in level of bodily function/chemical, often linked to environmental changes |
| Aestivation | State of animal dormancy characterised by inactivity and low metabolic rate in response to inc. temp. and arid conditions |
| Photoperiodism | Ability of plants to detect chances in day length (photoperiod) and therefore regulate seasonal activities |
| Photoperiod | Changes in day length detected by leaves |
| Phytochrome | Pigment found in leaves, found in two forms: Pr and Pfr, which builds up in leaves to determine photoperiod |
| Taxis | Movement of whole organism towards/away from a directional stimulus (so like animal tropisms) |
| Kinesis | Change in rate of movement of whole animal in response to change in intensity of non-directional stimulus |
| Homing | Ability of organism to find it's way home over unfamiliar territory |
| Symbiosis | Close association/contact between species |
| Mutualism | Both species benefit from the relationship (+ +) |
| Commenalism | One species benefits, the other is unaffected (+ /) |
| Exploitation | One species benefits at the expense of another (+ -) |
| Parasitism | Parasite lives on and benefits from host, harming but not killing them |
| Gause's Principle of Competitive Exclusion | Two species cannot co-exist is they have the same ecological niche. One must alter it's niche slightly or move or die out. Differences in niches are selected for to reduce competition. Can lead to adaptive radiation. |
| Greater competition means... | Greater harm lol |
| Competition is caused by... | The supply of resources being unable to keep up with the demand |
| Amensalism | One species is destroyed / inhibited and the other is unaffected eg. larger/stronger species excludes smaller/weaker species |
| Allelopathy | Plant amensalism |
| Autotoxicity | Parent plants release chemicals that inhibit the growth of seedlings |
| Antibiosis | Amensalism by chemical secretion |
Created by:
alexandrialim
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