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Stack #25707

Thomas - Ecology

QuestionAnswer
Ecology The study of how living organisms interact with the living and non-living things in their environment.
Biosphere The largest level at which ecologists study. The layer of the Earth where all living things exist.
Species A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile/viable offspring.
Population All members of a species living in a particular area.
Community All populations living in an area.
Ecosystem All living and non-living things in a given area.
Biome A large geographic area whose living things are determined by a precipitation and temperature.
Producer An organism in an ecosystem that can take energy from the sun and transform it to stored chemical energy (sugar.)
Consumer An organism in an ecosystem that eats stored chemical energy (sugar.)
Herbivore A consumer that eats plants.
Carnivore A consumer that eats animals.
Omnivore A consumer that eats plant or animals.
Detritivore A consumer that eats dead/decaying material.
Decomposer A consumer that gets energy from dead material.
Food Chain One energy pathway through an ecosystem.
Food Web The interconnected pathways that energy can take through an ecosystem.
Trophic Level One step in a food chain or food web.
Energy Pyramid A diagram that illustrates that 10% of available energy is transfered from one trophic level to the next.
Biogeochemical cycle A model showing how nutrients are cycled through an ecosystem.
Evaporation The changing of liquid to a gas, using heat as the energy source.
Transpiration Evaporation of water from the leaves of plants.
Nutrient Any chemical needed for the health of an ecosystem.
Productivity The amount of sugar/chemical energy that an the producers of an ecosystem can produce.
Limiting Nutrient A nutrient, that when in short supply, decreases the productivity of an ecosystem.
Algal Bloom An evironmental problem associated with human addition of a limiting nutrient (phosphorus) to an ecosystem (aquatic) causing algae to grow uncontrollably.
Biotic Factor A living thing that affects an ecosystem.
Abiotic Factor A non-living factor that affects an ecosystem.
Niche An organism's role in an ecosystem.
Resources Anything that an organism needs to survive and be successul in the ecosystem.
Competitive Exclusion Principle States that no two organisms can occupy the same habitat and niche at the same time.
Predation An interactive relationship where one organism actively captures and eats another. (Predator/Prey)
Symbiosis Any relationship where two or more organisms share a close interaction. Examples are mutualism, parasitism and commensalism.
Mutualism A symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit.
Commensalism A symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other in unharmed.
Parasitism A symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is harmed or killed.
Succession Change in an ecosystem over time.
Population Density The number of individuals in a population that live in a specific area.
Immigration Movement of individuals into a population.
Emmigration Movement of individuals out of a population.
Exponential Growth Growth of a population where there are not limiting factors.
Logistic Growth Population growth that is limited by factors such as disease, competition and availability of resources.
Carrying Capacity The maximum number of individuals in a population that an ecosystem can support.
Demography The study of human populations.
Demographic Transition A series of steps that human populations go through as death rates fall due to better health care and nutrition, followed by falling birth rates.
Age Structure Diagram A diagram that illustrates the percent of a human population in various age categories.
Created by: Holly Thomas
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