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APUSH Chapter 7
The Road to Revolution
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Republicanism | Government structure in which all citizens focused their wants and needs to the greater good. |
| Radical Whigs | Spread the idea that the British government were limiting the rights of colonists. |
| Mercantilism | Stated that wealth is power, wealth could only be measured in silver and gold, and that a country had to export more than it had to import. |
| Navigation Law of 1650 | The first law passed by Parliament to reinforce mercantilism. |
| Salutary neglect | Practice of not enforcing laws because the good outweighs the evils. |
| John Hancock | A colonist who amassed a fortune by smuggling. |
| Bounties | Money paid to colonial shipbuilders by Britain. |
| George Grenville | British prime minster who started to enforce economic burdens on the colonies. |
| Sugar Act of 1764 | Increased the duty on foreign sugar imported from the West Indies. |
| Quartering Act of 1765 | Forced the colonists to feed and shelter British soldiers. |
| Stamp Act of 1765 | Forced colonists to use stamps on papers that certified a tax had been paid. |
| Admiralty courts | Courts that tried colonists without a jury. Believed to be guilty until proven innocent. |
| Virtual representation | Concept proposed by Grenville that said that all English subjects were represented in Parliament, whether British or American. |
| Stamp Act Congress of 1765 | Group of colonists that demanded Parliament to repeal the Stamp Act. A small, but significant, step to colonial unity. |
| Nonimportantion agreements | The protest of using British goods. |
| Homespun | Homemade clothing from the colonies that became popular due to the nonimportantion agreements. |
| Sons and Daughters of Liberty | Violent colonial protesters against the Stamp Act that took the law into their own hands. |
| Declaratory Act of 1766 | Stated that Britain had complete control over the colonies and that they had the right to bind the colonies in all cases whatsoever. |
| Townshend Acts of 1767 | Taxes placed on glass, white lead, paper, paint, and tea. Caused soldiers to be planted in America that led to the Boston Massacre. |
| Indirect Tax | A taxed that raised revenue through the regulation of trade. |
| Boston Massacre | On March 5th, 1770, British troops fired into a crowd of American colonists who were teasing them, killing 11. |
| John Adams | Future president who served as a defense attorney for the soldiers responsible for the Boston Massacre. |
| King George III | British king during 1770 who was a good man but terrible ruler. Surrounded himself with yesmen. |
| Lord North | Prime minister who attempt to appease the Americans by modifying the Townshend Acts by only including the tax on tea, but only made matters worse in the colonies. |
| Samuel Adams | Propagandist and engineer of rebellion who formed the first committee of correspondence in Boston during 1772. |
| Committees of correspondence | Set up to spread the spirit of opposition to British policy. Evolved into the first American congresses. |
| British East India Company (1773) | Monopolization of tea industry in America. Led to cheaper tea. Americans detested and said it was an attempt to swallow the principle of tea tax. |
| Thomas Hutchinson | Boston governor who forced British tea ships to empty their cargo before leaving Boston pot. |
| Boston Tea Party (1773) | ~100 Bostonian boarded a docked ship in the Boston port and dumped its contents into the Atlantic. Caused the Intolerable Acts. |
| Intolerable Acts (1774) | Four acts passed that were punishment for the Boston Tea Party. Aimed at Boston in particular. |
| Boston Port Act | Closed the Boston Port until the damages from the Boston Tea Party were paid. |
| Massachusetts Government Act | Reduced Massachusetts to the level of a crown colony. Forbid meetings. |
| Administration of Justice Act | Allowed British officials who killed American colonists to be judged in Britain instead of the colonies. |
| Quartering Act | Allowed British soldiers to lodge anywhere, even in colonists' houses. |
| Quebec Act (1774) | A peaceful act between the British and French that decided what to do with the French subjects in Quebec. Americans interpreted it as an Intolerable Act. |
| Continental Congress | Most memorable response to the Intolerable Acts. Considered ways of redressing colonial grievances. Intercolonial frictions melted away. |
| Declaration of Rights | One of the appeals drafted during the First Continental Congress. States parliament had no authority over colonial affairs. |
| The Association | A complete boycott of British goods that was created during the First Continental Congress. |
| Tar and feathering | Violators of the association would be coated with tar and feathers by the Sons and Daughters of Liberty. |
| Lexington and Concord | The first two sites of bloodshed in the Revolutionary War. |
| Minute Men | Colonial soldiers who were unprepared for the British confrontation in Lexington. |
| Hessians | Germans employed by the British army. |
| Tories | Those who were against the Americans in the Revolutionary War. |
| Whigs | Those who were rooting for the Americans in the Revolutionary War. |
| George Washington | A great military leader during the war who was a giant among men. |
| Benjamin Franklin | A master among diplomats and an outstanding leader for America. |
| Marquis de Lafayette | A French noblemen and a major general in the colonial army who secured further aid from the French |
| Continentals | Paper money that was printed in great amounts until it became nearly worthless. |
| Valley Forge | Showed how badly that the Americans were lacking in manufactured goods and clothing during the war. |
| Baron von Steuben | A German drillmaster who was able to whip the American soldiers into shape. |
| Dunmore's Proclamation | Stated that any black slave who fought for the British would be issued emancipation. |
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