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G6 Science 4Q
The Earth
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This happens when rocks on the earth’s crust are squeezed or compressed together. It pushes the rocks either higher up or deeper down the earth’s crust. | Compression |
| This happens when rocks are stretched or pulled apart. Rocks become thinner in the middle when they are stretched or pulled apart due to ________. | Tension |
| This happens when rocks are pushed in two opposite horizontal directions. | Shearing |
| Rocks that undergo shearing are either: | 1. Bent 2. Twisted 3. Torn apart |
| What are the effects of stress on rocks and rocks layers? | 1. Folding 2. Faulting |
| These are bends in rock layers. | Folds |
| These are breaks in rocks or fractures along which movement takes place | Faults |
| This happen when compressional forces move rock layers from horizontal positions into alternating ridges. | Anticlines |
| This happen when compressional forces move rock layers from horizontal positions into troughs. | Synclines |
| What are the 3 Types of Faults? | 1. Normal Fault 2. Reverse Fault 3. Strike-slip Fault |
| It is the block of rock that lies above the fault. | Hanging wall |
| The rock that lies below the fault is what? | Foot wall |
| This fault is caused by the tension in the earth’s crust pulling a rock apart. In this fault, the fault is at an angle so one block of rock lies another block of rock. | Normal Fault |
| This fault occurs when the block of rock above the fault plane moves up relative to the other block. | Reverse Fault |
| This fault happens when the rock on either side of the plane moves horizontally. | Strike-slip Fault |
| It is a natural phenomenon which is closely related to the movement of the earth’s plate. | Earthquake |
| It is the point where the pressure is relieved. | Focus |
| It is the point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus. | Epicenter |
| In an earthquake, where are the vibrations and shock waves sent? | In all directions |
| These are smaller seismic waves often sent out after an earthquake has occurred. | Aftershocks |
| It is an instrument that can detect and record seismic waves. This device also helps scientists measure the strength of an earthquake. | Seismograph |
| What data does seismogram provides? | The behavior of seismic waves. |
| What generates the two main groups of seismic waves? | Slippage of rock mass |
| What are the two main groups of seismic waves? | 1. Surface waves 2. Body waves |
| These waves travel along the outer layer of the earth. They travel slowly over the Earth’s surface causing it to rise and fall. These waves are particularly destructive when traveling through loose earth. | Surface Waves |
| These are waves that travel through the Earth’s interior. | Body waves |
| What are the two types of body waves? | 1. Primary or P Waves 2. Secondary or S waves |
| These are waves of expansion and contraction, vibrating rocks parallel to the direction of the waves. They move very fast and are the first to be recorded. It can move in solid, liquid and gas | P or Primary Waves |
| What are the three different layers of the Earth? | 1. Crust 2. Mantle 3. Core |
| It is the outermost layer of the Earth. | Crust |
| What makes up the Earth's Crust? | 1. Oceanic Crust 2. Continental Crust |
| It is located below the crust. | Mantle |
| It is the innermost layer of the Earth | Core |
| It is a region of the mantle which is consists of deformable rocks | Asthenosphere |
| The core is consists mostly of what? | nickel and iron |
| What are the two layers of the Earth's Core | inner core and outer core |
| He/She is the Croatian scientist who made a discovery about the speed of seismic waves. | Andrija Mohorovicic |
| These waves are vibrations that travel through earth. | Seismic waves |
| These activities causes seismic waves. | earthquake and explosive activities near the Earth's surface |
| This was discovered by Mohorovicic stating that beneath the surface of the Earth, there is a part where seismic waves can move fast. it separates the mantle from the crust. | Moho or Mohorovicic Discontinuity |
| How long does the Earth's plates with continents move? | 2 cm per year |
| How long does the Earth's plates without continents move? | 12 cm per year |
| What separates the mantle from the crust? | Moho or Mohorovicic Discontinuity |
| Rock deformations due to stress are called what? | strains |
| It is the force of the Earth's crust that squeeze and pull the rocks in the crust changing its size, shape or volume. | Stress |
| What are the type of stress? | 1. Compression 2. Tension 3. Shear |
| What are the Theories About the Movement of the Earth's crust? | 1. Cooling and Shrinking Theory 2. Creeping Motion Theory by Frank B. Taylor 3. Continental Drift Theory 4. Seafloor Spreading Theory 5. Plate Tectonic Plate |
| This theory states that once there was only large continent on the Earth. As the inside of the Earth cooled, it began to shrink. This caused the crust to become wrinkled. As a result, parts of the single continent collapsed forming ocean basins and sever | Cooling and Shrinking Theory |
| He is an American geologist who suggested that the Earth had not shrunk and that the continents formed from two large continents. These continents broke apart in a creeping motion. | Frank B. Taylor |
| When did Frank B. Taylor formulated his theory? | 1908 |
| He is a German scientist and a teacher of astronomy and meteorology who formulated the Continental Drift Theory? | Alfred Wegener (1880-1930) |
| This theory suggests that the landmass broke apart and that the continents drifted like icebergs. | Continental Drift Theory |
| It means "äll seas". A big ocean that surrounds the Pangea. | Panthalassa |
| This means "all lands" a single land mass that once joined all the continents together. | PANGEA |
| In this theory, scientists asserted that the ridge formed from a huge crack in the Earth's crust. Molten rock flowing from the crack formed the mountains. As the molten rock hardened, it pushed the ocean floor apart. | Seafloor Spreading Theory |
| Suggests that the crust of the earth is made up of a number of large rigid plates and a number of smaller ones, floatation on the mantle and upon which continents and ocean floor rest on them. Most of the plates are named after the continents that rest | Plate Tectonics Theory |
| It is an opening on the Earth’s crust through which hot molten rock flows out from deep inside the earth. | Volcano |
| Hot molten rock inside the Earth | Magma |
| Magma that reaches the surface of the Earth | Lava |
| Any activity or process that includes the movement of magma toward the surface of the Earth. | Volcanism |
| What are types of volcanoes? | 1. Cinder Cone 2. Shield Volcano 3. Composite Volcano |
| What is an example of a Composite Volcano? | Mayon Volcano |
| What is an example of a shield volcano? | Hawaii’s Mauna Loa |
| What is an example of a Cinder Cone Volcano? | Mount Capulin in New Mexico |
| What are the Benefits of Volcano? | 1. Provide fertile soil because it is made up of rock fragments that are rich in nutrients. 2. Provides natural resources such as rocks, gases, and steam 3. Provide geothermal energy 4. Volcanoes can be considered windows to the interior of the Earth |
| What are the safety measures after an earthquake? | 1. Prepare for aftershocks 2. Beware of possible tsunami if you are near the sea 3. Check yourself and others for injuries 4. Check you surroundings for damages 5. If you smell a gas leak, open the windows and doors and go outside. Do not light a match. |
| What are the safety measures during an earthquake? | 1. Stay calm. 2. Take shelter in a safe place. 3. Stay away from glass windows, heavy furniture and other objects that may fall. 4. If you are in school, follow the instructions of your teacher. 5.If in the building, do not use the elevator. 6. If po |
| What are the safety measures before an earthquake? | 1. Prepare a first aid kit such as bandages, alcohol, sterile gauge, scissors, tweezers, pain reliever, safety pins, thermometer, flashlights and extra batteries. 2. Store bottles water and canned goods. 3. Practice safety drills with your family. 4. Help |
| What harm can volcanoes cause? | It can be the Earth’s most destructive natural disaster. |
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DionneStudystack
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