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68WM6 Ph.1 Mod 5
68WM6 Phase 1 Module 5 - The Endocrine and Nervous System Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hormones secreted by the three layers of the adrenal complex. | Corticoids |
| A dwarfism caused by hypo-secretion of the thyroid gland. | Cretinism |
| A condition caused by the hyper-secretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal complex. | Cushing's syndrome |
| A condition resulting from hypo-secretion of ADH where large volumes of urine is formed. | Diabetes insipidus |
| A condition resulting from when the pancreatic islet cells secrete too little insulin, resulting in hyperglycemia. | Diabetes mellitus |
| Gland that secretes hormones into the blood, tissues and other bodily fluids. | Endocrine gland |
| Gland that secretes products into ducts. | Exocrine gland |
| An abnormal protrusion of the eyes. | Exopthalmos |
| A condition produced by hyper-secretion of GH during the early years of life. | Gigantism |
| Hormones that influence carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism that is secreted by the adrenal cortex. | Glucocorticoids |
| The formation of glucose or glycogen from protein or fat compounds. | Glucogenesis |
| An enlargement of the thyroid gland. | Goiter |
| An excess growth of hair, especially in women. | Hirsutism |
| Substances secreted by an endocrine gland and transported in the blood. | Hormones |
| Hormones that influence mineral salt metabolism. | Mineralcorticoids |
| A condition caused by a deficiency of thyroid hormone in adults. | Myxedema |
| A set of glands located on the surface of the thyroid gland. | Parathyroid glands |
| A group of naturally occuring fatty acids that affect many bodily functions. | Prostaglandins |
| Organs or cells acted upon by a particular hormone. | Target cell |
| The masculinization of a female. | Virilism |
| Function of the endocrine system. | To communicate with cells using hormones and to reulate a number of metabolic processes within the cells and the whole body. |
| ________ are chemicals released by cells that affect other cells of the body. They come in form of steroids, amines, peptides, proteins or glycoproteins. | Hormones |
| This hormone is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland and promotes milk production following the birth of an infant. Abbreviated as PRL | Prolactin |
| This hormone is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates body cells to grow and reproduce. Abbreviated as GH | Growth Hormone |
| This hormone is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland and controls the secretion of hormones from the thyroid gland. Abbreviated as TSH | Thyroid-stimulating Hormone |
| This hormone is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland and controls the release and secretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex. Abbreviated as ACTH | Adrenocorticotropic Hormone |
| These neurons are also known as sensory neurons. | Afferent Neurons |
| A delicate, web-like middle layer of the meninges. | Arachnoid Mater |
| Nerve tracts in the spinal cord that carry information to the brain. | Ascending Tracks |
| The portion of the nervous system that regulates the activities of the internal organs. | Autonomic Nervous System |
| Nerve fiber that conducts a nerve impulse away from the neuron cell body. | Axon |
| The brain and spinal cord are components of the ______________________. | Central Nervous System |
| Fluid in the ventricles of the brain, subarachnoid space of the meninges, and the central canal of the spinal cord. | Cerebrospinal Fluid |
| Process of a neuron that receives input from other neuron. | Dendrite |
| Nerve tracts in the spinal cord that carry information from the brain to the muscle and glands. | Descending Tracts |
| Tough outer layer of the meninges. | Dura Mater |
| Another name for motor neurons. | Effent neurons |
| A mass of neuron cell bodies, usually outside the CNS. | Ganglia |
| Ridges or convolutions on the surface of the Cerebrum separated by shallow grooves called a sulcus or deep groove called fissures. | Gyri |
| Membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. | Meninges |
| Efferent neurons carry impulse out of brain or spinal cord to muscles or glands. | Motor neuron |
| Fatty material that forms a sheath like covering arounds some axons. | Myelin |
| A nerve cell. | Neuron |
| Chemical that an axon end secretes on an effector or another neuron. | Neurotransmitter |
| Narrow gaps in the myelin sheath that is capable of generating electrical activity by "jumping" from node to node, also known as saltatory conduction. | Nodes of Ranvier |
| The portion of nervous system outside the CNS. | Peripheral Nervous System |
| Inner layer of meninges that encloses the brain and spinal cord. | Pia Mater |
| Cell surface structures that detect changes in the environment and transmit a signal to the inside of the neuron. | Receptors |
| The difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of an undisturbed nerve cell membrane. | Resting Potential |
| Neuron that transmits an impulse from a receptor to the CNS. | Sensory Neuron |
| Portion of the CNS extending from the brain stem through the vertebral cord. | Spinal Cord |
| Space within the meninges between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater | Subarachnoid Space |
| Shallow groove on the surface of the brain. | Sulcus |
| Portion of the autonomic nervous system that arises from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord. This portion is responsible to prepare the body for energy-expending and stressful or emergency situations. | Sympathetic Nervous System |
| The connection between the axon of a neuron and the dendrite of another neuron. | Synapse |
| Complete or partial loss of sense of smell. | Anosmia |
| Absence of an eye. | Anopia |
| Thin, watery fluid that fills the space between the cornea and the iris. | Aqueous Humor |
| Inflammation of the eyelid margins. | Blepharities |
| Middle, vascular layer of the eye. | Choroid |
| Coiled tube in the inner ear. | Cochlea |
| Inflammation of the conjunctivia. | Conjunctivitis |
| The transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil and anterior chamber. | Cornea |
| A nerve that arises from the underside of the brain or the brainstem. | Cranial Nerve |
| Double vision. | Diplopia |
| Blindness in one half of the visual field. | Hemianopia |
| Colored muscular part of the eye. | Iris |
| Complex system of connecting chambers and tubes of the inner ear. | Labyrinth |
| Tear Gland | Lacrimal gland |
| Tough outer protective layer of the eye. | Sclera |
| The part of the peripheral nervous system associated with the voluntary control of body movements through the action of skeletal muscles. | Somatic Nervous System |
| Senses that stem from receptors associated with specialized sensory organs: the nose, eye, ear and tongue. | Special Senses |
| The eardrum. | Tympanic Membrane |
| Clear jellylike substance within the eye. | Vitreous Humor |
| A sensory nerve responsible for the sense of smell. (CN I) | Olfactory |
| A sensory nerve responsible for sending visual signals from the eye to the visual cortex of the occipital lobe. (CN II) | Optic |
| A motor nerve that helps raise the eyelid and helps move the eye upward, toward and away from the midline and downard and away from the midline. (CN III) | Oculomotor |
| A motor nerve that helps move the eye downward and away from the midline. (CN IV) | Trochlear |
| A mixed nerve that carries sensations from parts of the face and eye. It also helps with chewing. (CN V) | Trigeminal |
| A motor nerve that helps move the eye away from the midline. (CN VI) | Abducens |
| A mixed nerve that stimulates muscles of facial expression and carries the sensation of taste. (CN VII) | Facial |
| A form of temporary facial paralysis resulting from damage or trauma to one of the two facial nerves. | Bell's palsy |
| A sensory nerve responsible for hearing and equilibrium. (CN VIII) | Vestibulocochlear |
| A mixed nerve responsible for the gag reflex as well as carrying impulses from the lining of the pharynx, tonsils and posterior third of the tongue. (CN IX) | Glossopharyngeal |
| A mixed nerve responsible for swallowing, speech and autonomic control of smooth muscles and glands in the thorax and abdomen. It also carries impulses from the pharynx, larynx, esophagus and viscera of the thorax and abdomen. (CN X) | Vagus |
| A motor nerve that controls muscles of the upper shoulder. (CN XI) | Spinal Accessory |
| A motor nerve responsible for stimulating the muscles that move the tongue. (CN XII) | Hypoglossal |
| An inadequate production of ACTH that causes autoimmune disease. | Addison's disease |
| Hormone that regulates water and helps retain water in the kidneys. Abbreviated as ADH. | Antidiuretic hormone |
| Hormone primarily released in females that stimulates milk excretion from a mother during breast feeding. | Oxytocin |
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