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Vital signs
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Bradycardia | Less than 60 bpm Why? Long term pain, medications, hypothermia, resting, sleeping, heart block. |
| Hypertensive crisis | Diastolic blood pressure is dramatically elevated. Diastolic (bottom #) BP above 120-130 Needs to be treated quickly to prevent damage to the heart, brain, kidneys, and eyes. |
| Telemetry Lead Placement | White to the Right (right upper chest) Clouds over Grass (Green bottom right) Smoke over Fire (Red below left breast. Black upper) Chocolate close to hear |
| Shock | Something happens, as a result theres is an insufficient amount of blood being pumped to the heart to carry oxygen to the tissues. *BP \/, Pulse /\, Respirations /\ *clammy, cool *pale *may become unresponsive |
| Septicemia | Pathogens are present in the blood stream. *infection throughout the body * can result in death *temps above 101 *usually respond to treatment with IV antibiotics |
| Narrowing Pulse Pressure | Normal pulse pressures are 40-50 Numbers narrowing can indicate a serious problem with the hearts ability to pump blood. *EXTREMELY important to notice and report to charge nurse. |
| Normal Pulse Pressure | Normal 40-50 |
| Telemetry | Battery powered transmitter that continuously monitors patients heart rate and rhythm. 3-5 leads ambulatory continuous monitorying |
| Auscultatory Gap | Temporary disappearance of sound occurs between the 1st and 2nd korotkoff sounds *often heard in pts with hypertension (HTN) |
| Korotkoff Sounds | Pulsating sounds when reading blood pressure |
| Orthostatic Hypotension | When BP drops from standing up too fast from standing up too fast. |
| Hypertension | Sustained elevated pressure above 140/90. *based on 2 separate readings on 2 separate days. |
| Normal Adult BP | 100-140/ 60-90 |
| Normal Child BP | 100-110/65 |
| Normal Infant BP | 78/42 |
| Diastolic | relax, Pressure in the artery between beats. *relax and refill |
| Systolic | squeeze, 1st Normal sound heard. Ventricles contracting and forcing blood. |
| Blood Pressure | Arterial Pressure Pressure exerted by circulating volume of blood on arterial walls, veins, and chambers of heart. Millimeters of mercury (mmHg) |
| Left Ventricle | Pushing out of heart to the body. |
| Right Ventricle | Pushing into heart from body. |
| Core Temp | Temp of the deep tissue of the body. *remains relatively consistent. |
| Inspiration | INhaling. Breathing IN oxygen to the lungs. |
| Thready Pulse | Difficult to feel and disappears easily, when only slight pressure is applied. |
| Weak Pulse | Pulse is not felt when light pressure is applied to wrist |
| Bounding Pulse | More volume than usual. Stronger than normal. *easily felt with light palpation *(3+) *feels full and spring like, even under moderate pressure, |
| Dyspnea | Difficult/ painful respirations Difficulty breathing |
| Apnea | Lack of spontaneous respirations or not breathing |
| Hyperventilation | rate of ventilations exceeds normal requirements for exchange of respiratory gases usually amounts to an increase in rate and depth of respirations |
| Hypoventilation | Rate of ventilation entering lungs is insufficient for metabolic needs usually amounts to a decrease in rate and depth of respirations |
| Altered Tissue Perfusion | Blood Supply pale color coldness of extremity |
| Amplitude | Volume of blood pushing against the artery wall with each beat. *How strong is it? |
| Dysrhythmia | Any disturbance or abnormality in a normal rhythmic pattern. |
| Factors that affect pulse rate? | *patients age *gender *emotional state *size *temp *heart condition *amount of physical activity *medications |
| Tachycardia | Faster than 100 BPM *Fever, some medications, acute pain, feaer/anxiety, shock, exercise, hemorrhage |
| What to check for in the pulse? | Rate - Beats per min Rhythm - regular or irregular Strength - weak, thready, or bounding |
| Hypothermia | Low body temp Below 93.2 |
| Constant Fever | Remains elevated consistently and fluctuate very little. |
| Intermittent Fever | Rise and fall, spikes and returns to normal. |
| Remitten Fever | Rises and falls but wont go away until patient is well. |
| Auscultate | Listen for sounds within the body to evaluate the condition of heart, lung, pleura, and other organs or detect fetal heart tones. |
| Surface Temperature | Temp of skin |
| Tachypnea | Rapid resp. rate above 20 RPM. *can be caused by exercise |
| Bradypnea | slow repiratory rate less than 12 RPM |
| Equation to find Celcius | C = (F-32) x 5/9 |
| Equation to find Fahrenheit | F = (9/5 x C) + 32 |
| What causes high temperature inaccuracies? | *smoking *drinking/eating hot stuff *infant or child *taken only in evenings? *exercise *hot environment *stress *INFECTION? |
| What causes low temperature inaccuracies? | *cold food/drink *elderly *taken in AM *environment *chronic disease |
| Pyrexia *Febrile *Hyperthermia | above normal body temp. /\ 105 can damage normal body cells |
| Pulse Pressure | difference between systolic and diastolic |
| Pulse Deficit | difference found between the apical and radial rates *must be checked by two people at the same time. |
| hypothalamus | regulates body temp. |
| Adult Pulse | 60-100 *average 80 |
| Tympanic Temperature | Taken in the ear drum. No infants under 6 months |
| apical pulse | represents the actual beating of the heart |
Created by:
kfweaver
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