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BotanySC:Ch.1
What is Plant Biology?
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Botany | Study of plants |
What is are the Greek words related to Botany? | Botanikos (Botanical), Botane (Plant/Herb), Boskein (To feed) |
What is the French word related to Botany? | Botanique (Botanical) |
Hypothesis | Tentative, unproven explanation for something that has been observed |
Data | Bits of information |
Principle | Data accumulated and may lead to the formulation of a useful generalization |
Theory | Group of generalizations (principles) that helps us understand something |
Paleobotany | The study of plant fossils |
Plant Taxonomy | Involves describing, naming, and classifying organisms; science of developing methods for grouping organisms; oldest branch of plant study |
Plant Geography | Study of how and why plants are distributed where they are, did not develop until 19th century |
Plant Ecology | Study of the interaction of plants with one another and with their environment |
Plant Morphology | Study of form and structure of plants |
Genetics | The science of heredity |
Genomics | Focuses on genes and their function, has burst onto genetics scene and how it impacts nearly all genetic research |
Cell Biology | (also, Cytology) is the science of cell structure and function |
What percentage of the biomass constitutes for plant life? | Plant life constitutes more than 98% of total biomass |
Biomass | Collective dry weight of living organisms |
What is the interaction between plants, animals, and humans? | Plants absorb light for energy, and humans eat plants and animals who eat plants; all living organisms are totally dependent on green organisms |
Overpopulation | Earth remains constant in size but human population continues to grow |
Do humans leave an impact on the environment? | Yes, human beings have had a major impact on the environment, mostly negative; humans have dumped wastes and pollutants |
What do plants provide? | Plants provide oxygen, food, shelter, clothing, industrial products, and medicine; human activities threaten this |
What is important about microscopic organisms? | Microorganisms play a vital role in recycling plant and animal wastes, and aid in the building of healthy soil |
What is science? | Broadly defined as "a search for knowledge of the natural world" |
What are botanists? | Botanists are scientists who study plants |
What lead to botany becoming a science? | Curiosity about how plants reproduced and how they were put together lead to "it" becoming a science |
What does science involve? | Science involves observation, recording, organization, and classification of facts and more important, involves what is done with the facts |
What is the scientific procedure? | Involves process of experimentation, observation, and verifying/discarding of info. chiefly thru inductive reasoning |
What is the scientific method? | Question -> Hypothesis -> Experiments -> Theory; describes the procedures of developing and testing hypotheses |
What does testing the hypothesis determine? | Testing determines correct or incorrect |
When will a hypothesis be accepted? | To be accepted, experiments to test hypothesis must be repeatable and capable of being duplicated |
What are the two forms of an experiment? | Variable and Control Group |
Plant Anatomy | Chiefly concerned with internal structure of plants |
Who is Marcello Malpighi? | Described various tissues in stems and roots |
Who is Nehemiah Grew? | Described of wood more precisely |
Uses for Plant Anatomy? | Plant anatomy can be used to find clues of the past and also used to solve crimes |
Plant Physiology | Concerned with plant function |
Who is J.B. van Helmont? | Established Plant Physiology; first to demonstrate that plants do not have the same nutritional needs as animals |
What was Helmont´s experiment and conclusion? | Experimented on willow tree; concluded that the tree had added to its bulk and size from water being absorbed |
What is wrong with Helmont´s conclusion? | Now known that the growth of the willow tree was due to photosynthetic activity |
Who is Carolus Linnaeus? | Credited for present system of naming and classifying plants |
What is related to Plant Taxonomy? | It is related to Plant Systematics but broader |
What is the book ´Silent Spring´? | This book, by Rachel Carson, increased public awareness of Plant Ecology; Contains more than 500 new toxic chemicals used by U.S. as pesticides; detailed how these chemicals and others have negative impacts on the environment |
Who is Gregor Mendel? | Gregor Mendel was a monk who studied genetics through pea plants |