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HumanBi chapts 19-23
Principles of Inheritance
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| DNA nucleotide made up of what: | Sugar, phosphate, 1 of 4 bases Phosphate and sugar prefer to be on outside, bases on inside |
| Four DNA nitrogenous bases are: | Thymine, cytosine, guanine, and adenine |
| Thymine: | binds twice to make a couple hydrogen bonds; T to A |
| Cytosine: | binds three times, single ring structure; C to G |
| Guanine: | base w/ double ring structure, binds twice; C to G |
| Adenine: | base w/ double ring structure, binds three times; T to A |
| RNA is what: | ribosugar, phosphate, base: single strand |
| rRNA: | ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA (tRNA)- only used during protein production |
| mRNA: | finds ribosome and helps to make a sugar |
| Uracil: | used in RNA in place of Thymine |
| IPMAT stands for what: | Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase |
| Interphase: | Period of cell growth before DNA replicates, DNA uncondensed Period when DNA replicates Period after DNA is replicated, cell prepares for cell division |
| Prophase: | 1.DNA condenses into visible chromosomes 2.Nuclear membrane disintegrates 3.One of the centriole pairs moves to the opposite poles |
| Metaphase: | 1.Spindle apparatus forms attaching to sister chromatids 2.All 46 chromosomes (in their most condensed form) line up at the equator |
| Anaphase: | 1.The centromeres holding the sister chromatids splitsq 2.The newly designated chromosomes are pulled to each pole |
| Telophase: | 1.Chromosomes decondense, nuclear membrane reforms 2.Cytokinesis (division of cytoplasm) |
| Gregor Mendel: | austrian monk, pea plant gene researcher |
| gene: | thousands-info about specific traits |
| Allele: | different version or a trait |
| Dominant: | allele more people have/show |
| Recessive; | less likely to have/show |
| Genotype: | type of gene you posses |
| Pherotype: | the expression of your genes |
| polygenic traits: | any kind of trait that is coded for many genes |
| point mutations: | single nucleic base has been changed |
| frame shift: | nucleic base is deleted |
| nondisjunction: | chromosomes don't separate during meiosis |
| deletion: | chromosome is deleted or lost |
| translocation: | piece or chromosome breaks off and reattaches elsewhere |
| inversion: | piece of chromosome breaks off and inverts itself then reattaches |
| chromatids: | half of replicated chromosomes |
| Centromeres: | a small constricted region of the chromosome; acting as lynch pin |
| haploid: | half the number of DNA |
| KAROTYPE: | number of chromosomes you have at metaphase and their characteristics |
Created by:
taylorvv
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