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Section A
BACB Section A
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Frequency | Number of times behavior occurs |
| Rate | Frequency of the behavior divided by a standard period of time. |
| Duration | The total time elapsed between the start of the behavior and its completion. |
| Latency | Recording the time that elaspes from the signal to begin until the response occurs; time elapsed from signal until initiation of respons |
| IRT- Interresponse Time | The time from offset of a response to onset of the next response; time elasped from 1 response to the next response |
| Percent of Occurrence | you must report the number of response opportunities and the percentage responded to correctly; number of times the event occurred per 100 opportunities that the event could have occurred |
| Trials to Criterion | A measure of the number of response opportunities needed to achieve a predetermined level of performance criteria |
| Repeatability | Count, Rate, Celeration |
| Temporal Extent | Duration |
| Temporal Locus | Latency, IRT |
| Derivative Measures | Percentage and Trials to Criterion |
| Definitional Measures | Topography and Magnitude |
| Procedures for Measuring Behavior | Event Recording, Timing and Time Sampling |
| Topography | Form or shape of the response |
| Magnitude | Force/ intensity/ severity of a behavior Certain responses needed to be emitted at specific levels of intensity |
| Continuous Measurements | All instances of the response class of interest are detected during the observation period |
| Discontinuous Measurements | Some instances of the response class of interest may NOT be detected |
| Types of Discontinuous Measurements | Time Sampling methods/Interval recording methods: Whole Interval, Partial Interval, Momentary Time Sampling |
| 3 Forms of Time Sampling | Whole Interval, Partial Interval and Momentary Time Sampling |
| Whole Interval | Behavior must occur the entire interval in order to be scored; Underestimates the rate of behavior, increase behavior |
| Partial Interval | Overestimates the rate of a behavior, Behaviors must occur at anytime during interval to be scored At the end of each interval, record whether the target behavior occurred at any time during the interval. |
| Momentary Time Sampling | Over-or Under estimates or neither At the end of that time interval only in order to be scored |
| Use MTS When....... | Observational constraints because you do not have to continuously measure throughout the entire interval. |
| PLACHECK | Planned Activity Check: A variation of MTS for groups. The observer simply counts the number of individuals who are actually engaged in the assigned activity at a particular moment. |
| Accuracy | TRUE VALUE. The extent to which the observed value matches the true value of an event. |
| Reliability | The extent to which a measurement procedure yields the same value when brought into REPEATED contact with the same state of nature. SAME results REPEATEDLY |
| Measurement Artifacts | Discontinuous Measurements, Poorly Scheduled Measurement Periods, Insensitive/Limited Measurement Scales |
| Observer Drift | When observers unknowingly alter the way they measure a behavior. Unintended changes in the way data are collected produce measurement error |
| IOA-Interobserver agreement | Reporting IOA increase believability that the data is trustworthy and deserving of interpretation |
| VALID IOA must | Same Measurement System, Same Event and Observers must be Independent |
| 4 Event Recording IOA: | Total Count IOA, Mean per Interval IOA, Exact Count per Interval IOA and Trial by Trial IOA |
| Timing/Duration | Total Duration IOA, Mean Duration (IRT) per Occurrence IOA |
| Time Sampling IOA | Interval by Interval, Scored Interval and Unscored Interval |
| Total Count | Totally easy- Smaller #/Larger # x 100 |
| Mean Count-per-Interval | Each interval is calculated between the count of the 2 observers within each interval. |
| Exact Count-per Interval | STRICT EVENT RECORDING IOA METHOD! # of intervals of 100% IOA Agreement / Total # of Intervals x 100% |
| Trial by Trial IOA | # of Trials of Agreement/Total # of Trials x 100% |
| Total Duration IOA | Shorter Duration/Longer Duration x 100 |
| Mean Duration (IRT) per occurrence IOA | Used to calculated duration per occurrence data Mean from Response 1+2+3.../Total # of Duration IOA |
| Interval by Interval IOA | # of Interval BOTH recorders are in Agreement IOA/ Total # of Intervals x 100 Likely to overestimate the actual agreement measuring behaviors that occur at very high or low rates |
| Scored Interval IOA | Only uses intervals in which BOTH observers scored an occurrence of the behavior to calculate the IOA. # of Intervals BOTH recorders recorded Occurrence /# of Intervals at LEAST ONE observer Recorder Occurrence x 100 |
| Unscored Interval IOA | # of Intervals BOTH recorders Recorded Non-Occurence/# of Interval at LEAST one Recorder Recorded Non Occurrence x 100 |
| IOA Should Occur | 20% of the time at 80% closer to 100% is better |
| Equal Interval Graph | x and y axis; Line, Bar, Cumulative Record, Scatterplot and Standard Celeration Chart |
| Cumulative Record | A cumulative recorder enables a subject to draw his/her own graph. Called "cumulative" because you keep adding on responses during each observation period to the total number of all previously recorded responses. y axis= total # of responses from start |
| 2 Types of Cumulative Record Response Rates | Overall Response Rate: An average rate of response over a given time period, such as during a specific session or phase in a study. Local Response Rate: An average rate of response during periods of time smaller |
| Types of Preference Assessment | Ask the Person, Observe the person, Trial Based Method (MSW, MSWO) |
| Types of Reinforcer Assessment | Progressive Ratio, Concurrent, Multiple, NCR |
| Progressive Ratio Schedule | gradually requires more responses per presentation of the preferred stimulus until a breaking point is reached and the response rate declines |
| Concurrent Schedule | When two or more contingencies of reinforcement operate independently and simultaneously for two or more behaviors |
| Multiple Schedule of Reinforcement | gradually requires more responses per presentation of the preferred stimulus until a breaking point is reached and the response rate declines |
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