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Biology-Unit5
Biology Unit 5 - Prokaryotes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| endosymbiosis | a mutually beneficial relationship in which one organism lives within another |
| plasmid | a genetic structure that can replicate independently of the main chromosome(s) of a cell; usually a circular DNA molecule in bacteria |
| flagellum | a long, hairlike structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to move |
| conjugation | in prokaryotes a type of sexual reproduction in which two cells join temporarily to recombine nuclear material (DNA) |
| asexual reproduction | reproduction that does not involve the union of gametes and in which a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent |
| binary fission | a form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size |
| cell membrane | double-layer of phospholipids that forms a boundary between a cell and the surrounding environment and controls the passage of materials into and out of a cell |
| phospholipid | a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes |
| fluid mosaic model | model that describes the arrangement and movement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane |
| selectively permeability | condition or quality of allowing some, but not all, materials to cross a barrier or membrane |
| receptor protein | protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action in response |
| passive transport | the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell |
| diffusion | the movement of particles from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration |
| concentration gradient | a difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water from areas of high water concentration to areas of low water concentration through a membrane that is permeable to water |
| isotonic | solution that has an equal concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution |
| hypertonic | describes a solution whose solute concentration is higher than the solute concentration inside a cell |
| hypotonic | describes a solution whose solute concentration is lower that the solute concentration inside a cell |
| facilitated diffusion | the transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins |
| active transport | the movement of chemical substances, usually across a cell membrane, against a concentration gradient; requires cells to use energy |
| endocytosis | the process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell |
| exocytosis | the process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance tot he cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out |
| ribosome | cell structure that makes protein |
Created by:
lpgullett
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