Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Nursing-Muscular
| Muscle has four major functional characteristics: | contractability, excitability, extensibility, and elasticity. |
| Contractability is - | the capacity of muscle to contract or shorten forcefully |
| Excitability is - | respond to stimuli |
| Extensibility is - | stretching |
| Elasticity is - | returning to its original shape |
| When does lactic acid build up in our body? | Due to lack of excercise |
| skeletal muscle | "voluntary muscle" generally attached to bone |
| striated muscles | "striped" skeletal muscle |
| smooth muscle | "involuntary muscle" functions automatically |
| visceral muscle | smooth muscle generally found in the walls of the viscera; functions automatically |
| non-striated muscle | smooth muscle that does not appear striped |
| smooth muscle tone | a state of continuous partial contraction of smooth muscle |
| cardiac muscle | found only in the heart, where it functions to pump blood throughout the body |
| intercalated discs | junctions where cardiac muscle cells fit together tightly; Rings that provide a strong connection between cardiac muscle cells, to prevent tears and leaks in the heart. |
| belly | the enlarged fleshy body of the muscle between the slender points of attachment; composed of thousands of muscle fibers (muscle cells) |
| fascia | layers of tough connective tissue that surrounds large skeletal muscle |
| epimysium | the outer layer of fascia; Connective tissue layer surrounding an individual muscle |
| perimysium | a layer of connective tissue that surrounds smaller bundles of muscle fibers |
| fascicles | bundles of muscle fibers |
| endomysium | A layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers |
| tendon | a line cordlike structure that connects muscle to bone |
| compartment syndrome | "crush syndrome"; when the muscle and nerves are deprived of oxygen and nourishment and begin to die |
| aponeurosis | a flat sheet-like fascia that connects muscle to muscle or muscle to bone |
| sarcolemma | a cell membrane that surrounds the nucleus of a muscle cell |
| transverse tubules | "T tubules"; Deep infoldings in the sarcolemma that help propagate a muscle impulse |
| sarcoplasmic reticulum | a specialized endoplasmic reticulum within the muscle fiber |
| myofibrils | long cylindrical structures that each muscle is composed of |
| sarcomeres | a series of contractile units that each myofibril is made up of |
| thin and thick filaments | a unique arrangement of contractile proteins |
| thin filament | a unique arrangement of contractile proteins; composed of actin and the troponin-tropomyosin complex |
| actin | a protein of a thin filament; contains binding sites for the myosin |
| myosin | A type of protein filament that interacts with actin filaments to cause cell contraction; makes up nearly half of the proteins in muscle cells. |
| troponin-tropomyosin complex | regulates contraction function of actin and myosin |
| myosin heads | extends from the thick myosin filaments; are along the entire length of the filament in smooth muscle |
| cross-bridges | temporary connections formed when the myosin heads make contact with the myosin-binding sites on the actin |
| somatic motor nerve | the type of nerve that supplies the skeletal muscle |
| motor neurons | a motor nerve composed of many nerve cells |
| motor unit | consists of a single motor neuron and the muscle fibers that are supplied by the motor neuron |
| recruitment | the consequences of activation of additional motor units |
| neuromuscular junction | "NMJ"; the area where the motor neuron meets the muscle |
| neurotransmitter | a chemical substance that fills membranous pouches |
| acetylcholine | |
| acetylcholinesterase | aka "cholinesterase"; an enzyme that is found within the NMJ, near the muscle membrane |
| tetanus | "lockjaw"; sustained muscle contraction; a condition caused when the bacterium (Clostridium tetani) secretes a neurotoxin that causes excessive firing of the motor nerves. This causes excessive release of ACh, |
| botulism | a very serious form of food poisoning; a disease caused by secretion of the bacterium (Clostridium botulinum) which appears most often when food has been improperly processed and canned. |
| spastic paralysis | caused by an excess of ACh activity; a state of continuous muscle contraction |
| flaccid paralysis | caused by a deficiency of ACh activity; a state in which the muscles are limp and unable to contract |
| twitch | when a single electrical stimulus is delivered to a muscle fiber; the muscle fiber contracts and then fully relaxes |
| tonus | muscle tone; refers to a normal continuous state of partial muscle contraction |
| creatine phosphate | a storage form of energy that can be used to replenish ATP quickly during muscle contraction |
| muscle fatigue | the inability of a muscle to contract forcefully following prolonged activity. |
| origin | attaches muscle to the stationary bone |
| insertion | attaches muscle to the more movable bone |
| prime mover | "chief muscle" |
| synergists | "helper muscles"; work with other muscles |
| antagonists | muscles that oppose the action of another muscle |
| hypertrophy | the response to overuse of a muscle |
| atrophy | when prolonged inactivity results in the muscles getting smaller in size |
| contracture | "frozen muscle" a abnormal formation of fibrous tissue within the muscle; freezes the muscle in a flexed position and severely restricts joint mobility |
Created by:
Abraham321
Popular Nursing sets