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micro-chp. 22
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| normal flora in spinal fluid or nervous system | none/ sterile |
| ways microbes access nervous system | trauma, spinal tap, movement along peripheral nerves, blood stream or lymphatic system (most common way) |
| meningitis | inflammation of the meninges |
| encephalitis | inflammation of the brain |
| bacterial diseases of the nervous system | bacterial meningitis,tetanus, botulism, and leprosy. |
| 70 % of bacterial meningitis caused by these bacteria: (up to 50 species can be the cause) | streptococus pnemoniae, haemophillis influenzae, neiserria meningitidis, listeria monocytogenes |
| haemophilis influenza meningitis | often found in the throat. gram -, common in 6 months- 4 yrs. (vaccination at 2 months) |
| meningococcal meningitis | Neisserria, normally found in the throat, common under 2 yrs, occurs in epidemics |
| pneumococcal meningitis | streptococcus pnemoniae, mostly in children |
| listeriosis | gram + rod, from animal feces. mostly immuno-compromised and pregnant women (can cause spontanious aborttion) |
| tx for meningitis | 1st broad spectrum antibiotics then more narrow spectrum when cultured. |
| meningitis is diagnosed by: | gram stain and culture from spinal fluid |
| Tetanus is caused by this bacteria: | clostridium tetani |
| Tetanus is caused by | release of the neurotoxin- tetanospasmin. neurotoxins block the normal pathway of skeletal muscle function (sustained muscle contraction) |
| death from tetanus is ultimately caused by | respiratory failure (muscle contraction) |
| if exposed to rusty nail_________is given | TIG (tetanus immune globulin (short term immunity) |
| Vaccine for tetanus | DTP |
| Botulism caused by this bacteria: | clostridium botulinium |
| botulism is a ___________ disease | neurological not digestive |
| botulism caused by | release of toxins |
| botulism enters body by | ingestion into digestive system |
| botulism causes death by | respiratory failure |
| serological types of botulism | Type A- MOST VIRULENT, Type B- mostly found in Europe, Type E- lake environments and seafood |
| Botox | comes from botulism toxins |
| Leprosy caused by this bacteria: | Mycobacterium Leprea (gram + rod) |
| Leprosy also called | Hansen's disease |
| 2 forms of Leprosy: | Tuberculoid (neural form) and Lepromatous (progressive form) |
| Tuberculoid | loss of skin sensation |
| lepromatous | skin cells are infected, disfiguring |
| Leprosy transfered by: | nasal secretions |
| viral diseases of the nervous system | polio (poliomyelitis),rabies,arboviral encephalitis, |
| 2 forms of polio | paralytic form and symtomatic form |
| polio is transmitted through | water cintaminated with feces containing the virus |
| primary area of infection | throat |
| polio causes death by | respiratory failure |
| polio dx by | culture of throat and feces |
| salk vaccine (polio) | inactive virus IPV, injectable |
| sabin vaciine (polio) | attenuated strains OPV, oral |
| only host for polio virus | humans |
| rabies caused by ______ virus | rabies virus (rhabdovirus) |
| transferred to humans by: | bite from infected animal, saliva into a cut or mucous membrane, can be inhaled |
| rabies enters via | PNS then moves to CNS |
| death by rabies caused by | encephaalitis |
| rabies symptoms | 1st similar to a cold, CNS involvment : agitation, frequent spasms of mouth- hydrophobia (hurts to swallow, causes foaming of the mouth), terminal symptoms- paralysis |
| rabies in animals | furious rabies and paralytic rabies (common in cats) |
| rabies tx | post exposure prophylaxis, human siploid cell vaccine (HDCV- series of shots) |
| rabies prevalence | 8,000 in animals, 6 in humans per year |
| most common carrier | world wide -canine, US- raccoon |
| if rabies reaches the agitation stage | is too late to treat has caused encephalitis |
| Arboviral encephalitis caused by: | mosiquito- borne virus- arboviral (athropod borne) |
| types of Arboviral encephalitis | Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE)- horses to humans, western ewuine encephalitis (WEE), St. Louis encephalitis, West-Nile virus, Japanese B encephalitis (Japan) |
| Fungal diseases of the nervous system | very few, fungi is too large to enter nervous system. Cryptococcus neoformans Meningitis. |
| Cryptococcus neoformans Meningitis caused by this organism: | cytptococcus neoformans, comes from bird feces (have capsules) |
| Crypttococcus neoformans Meningitis is caught by | inhaling through lungs and then it moves to the blood and meninges |
| Protozoan diseases of the nervous system | African Trypanosomiasis, naegleria meningioencephalitis |
| African Trypanosomiasis caused by | trypansoma ssp (flagellate) |
| naegleria meningioencephalitis caused by | naegleria fowleri (amoeba) 100% fatalality, by the time symptoms occur it is too late, replicates in warm water |
| Diseases of the nervous system caused by prions | sheep-scarpie, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Mad Cow Disease), Creutzfelt-Jacob disease (CJD), Kuru (these are caught by eating meat of infected animal, can take decades to develope symptoms, no tx, 100% fatal) |
| Kuru comes from | canibalism |
| Diseases of the nervous system caused by unknown agents | Chronic fatique syndrome (Lyme disease and mononucleosis have incidence of this syndrome) |
Created by:
gemjema
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