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Biology 158
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| pathogen | disease-causing agent |
| prion | an infectious particle made of protein rather than DNA or RNA |
| sterilization | effective means of killing pathogens using heat and pressure |
| photoheterotroph | a type of bacterium that is photosynthetic, but also requires organic compounds for nutrition |
| spirillum | a spiral shaped bacteria |
| flagellum | a structure prokaryotes use to propel themselves |
| nitrogen fixation | the process of converting nitrogen into a form that plants can use |
| binary fission | bacteria may reproduce by this process |
| antibiotic | compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria |
| conjugation | how bacteria exchange genetic material |
| endospore | protective capsule that can remain dormant until favorable conditions for growth arise |
| bacilli | rod-shaped bacterium |
| prokaryotic | single-celled type of microorganism that lacks a nucleus |
| cocci | sphere-shaped bacterium |
| chemoautotroph | organism that obtains energy directly from inorganic molecules |
| retrovirus | virus that stores its genetic information as RNA |
| bacteriophage | virus that infects bacteria |
| virus | composed of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, infectious organism that replicates itself in the cells of a host |
| lysis | process of bursting cells |
| lytic | type of viral infection in which the host cell bursts and is destroyed |
| lysogenic | type of infection in which a host cell makes copies of the virus indefinitely |
| vaccine | part of a virus that has been killed or attenuated used to prevent viral infection |
| capsid | the outer protein coat of a virus |
| transcription | constructing a mRNA molecule using a DNA molecule as a template; results in the transfer of genetic information to the mRNA |
| variant | a variation of a particular strain of virus or infective agent; slightly different in form or function |
| messenger RNA | used as the carrier of genetic codes and information directly from DNA to cell structures |
| mutation | a rearrangement of genes or change in base pairs so they produce different effects within their environment |
| nucleic acid | an organic compound made up of a phosphoric acid, a carbohydrate and a base of purine or pyrimidine; formed in helical chains |
| nucleus | a cellular organelle that is the essential control mechanism for cell function; contains the DNA and genetic material |
| parasite | an organism living in or on another organism that depends on its host for existence or support and gives nothing in return |
| genes | a sequence of DNA or RNA that is located on a chromosome and that is the functional unit of inheritance controlling the transmission of traits and function of other genetic material |
| hereditary material | material responsible for the transmission of qualities from ancestor to descendant through genes |
| host | a living organism, which provides subsistence or lodgment to a parasite |
| antibody | proteins created in blood and tissue by the immune system to help neutralize and destroy possible threats |
| antigen | a toxin or enzyme which stimulates reactions from a body's immune system |
| photoautotroph | Prokaryote that carries out photosynthesis in a manner similar to that of plants |
Created by:
allinone
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