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Mitosis
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What does cell communication require? | ligand and receptor protein and signal transduction |
Yes | |
Ligands can bind to any receptor protein? | |
What are the 4 mechanisms for communication? | direct signaling, paracrine signaling, endocrine signaling, and synaptic signaling |
Direct signaling is important in early development? | Yes |
Where does direct signaling occur? | Plasma membrane |
Where is paracrine signaling important? | early development and immune system |
How does paracrine signaling move? | Through fluid |
Who uses endocrine signaling? | Humans and plants |
Is endocrine signaling intercellular communication? | Yes |
Why are endocrine signals long lived? | They have to travel throughout the entire body |
What is one negative thing that occurs during endocrine signaling? | The hormones that are released from that cell, affect other cells throughout the body |
During synaptic signaling, nerve cells release the signal(neurotransmitter) which binds to what? | Receptors on nearby cells |
Yes depending on where it is | |
What is signal transduction? | The events within the cell that occur in response to a signal |
Enzyme that removes phosphate from proteins | Phosphatetase |
Enzyme that adds phosphate groups from add ATP to proteins | Kinase |
Can be defined by their location and chemical nature of ligands | Receptor Types |
Where are intracellular receptors found? | |
Where are cell surface/membrane receptors found? | Outside of the cell |
What are the 3 subclasses of membrane transporters? | Chemically gated ion channels, enzymatic receptors, and g protein-coupled |
What do bacteria divide by? | Binary fission |
Where does replication take place? | Begins at the origin of replication and proceeds bidirectionally to site of termination |
Yes |