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General Science M06
Apologia General Science, Module 06
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Catastrophism | The view that most of earth's geological features are the result of large-scale catastrophes such as floods, volcanic eruptions, etc. |
Uniformitarianism | The view that most of earth's geological features are the result of slow, gradual processes that have been at work for millions or even billions of years. |
Sediments | Sand, silt, minerals and other components of soil (gravel, clay, etc.) |
Humus | The decayed remains of once-living creatures. |
Sedimentary rock | Rock formed by the hardening of sediments. |
Igneous rock | Rock formed by the solidification of molten rock. |
Metamorphic rock | Sedimentary or igneous rock that has undergone substantial change, generally as the result of heat or pressure. |
Magma | Molten rock that is underground. |
Minerals | Inorganic crystalline substances found naturally in the earth. |
Lamination | A layer of rock less than 1 centimeter thick. |
Laminae | Several lamination layers that are together. |
Weathering | The process by which rocks are broken down to form sediments. |
Physical Weathering | The process by which a rock is broken down without changing the chemical nature of the rock. |
Chemical Weathering | The process by which a rock is broken down by changing the chemical nature of the rock. |
Erosion | The process by which rock and soil are broken down and transported away. |
Delta | A typically fan-shaped area where a river deposits its sediments at its mouth. |
Groundwater | Water found underneath the surface of the earth. |
Stalactite | A sediment deposit resembling an icicle and hanging from the roof of a cave. |
Stalagmite | A sediment deposit resembling pillar and rising from the floor of a cave. |
Column or Pillar | When stalactites and stalagmites grow together. |
Unconformity | A surface of erosion that seperates one layer of rock from another. |
Angular unconformity | An unconformity between strata that are tilted relative to each other. |
Discomformity | An unconformity between two layers of sedimentary rock. |
Noncomformity | An unconformity between sedimentary rock and either igneous or metamorphic rock. |
Paraconformity | An unconformity for which there is no evidence but some geologists think should exist. |
Intrusion | Veins of igneous rock that shoot right through several layers of sedimentary rock. |
Sills | Veins of igneous rock that run in the same direction of the strata. |
Dikes | Veins running perpendicular to the strata. |