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Bio 4U Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Light dependent reaction produces.. | ATP & NADPH |
| a measure of photosynthesis is the rate of.. | Oxygen production |
| Energy in reaction center comes from.. | absorbed photons |
| Photosystem 680 is also called.. | Photosystem II |
| The source of electrons required by P680 is.. | H20 |
| Light-dependent reactions take place.. | On the thylakoid membrane |
| ATP and NADPH power.. | The calvin cycle |
| The Calvin cycle assimilates C02 with.. | Ribulose biphosphate |
| Fixing Co2 requires the action of the enzyme.. | Rubisco |
| RuBP combines with CO2 and then.. | Breaks into two PGA compounds |
| 1 molecule of glucose requires that the calvin cycle must be repeated.. | 6 times |
| CAM plants and C4 plants both.. | Separate CO2 fixing from the calvin cycle |
| Fixing C02 at night allows a plant to.. | Close stomata to retain H2O at day |
| The process of breaking down molecules into smaller parts is called.. | Catobolism |
| Anabolic pathways are different from catabolic pathways because.. | They require energy |
| Energy is best defined as.. | The ability to do work |
| The first law of thermodynamics states that.. | Energy cannot be created or destroyed |
| The energy contained in a chemical bond is called the.. | Enthalpy |
| Enthalpy is represented by the symbol.. | G |
| Activation energy is.. | Required to start a chemical reaction |
| When NAD+ is reduced it becomes.. | NADH |
| Endergonic Reactions do not proceed spontaneously because.. | The reactants have less free energy than the products |
| A compound is reduced if it.. | gains an electron |
| Aerobic respiration requires.. | Oxygen |
| Glycolysis does not involve.. | Production of CO2 |
| Krebs cycle, the acetyl-group from pyruvate combines with oxoloacetate to form.. | Citrate |
| The mitochondrial inner membrane consists of.. | proton pumps, ATP synthase, lipid bilayer, electron transport chain |
| FADH2 produces less ATP than NaDh because FaDh2.. | electrons enter the transport chain at a later point |
| Fermentation is a strategy used by cells to.. | oxidize NADH |
| Athletes that push their cells to use up O2 can produce more energy by producing.. | Lactate |
| yeast growing in an anoxic environment can produce energy by producing.. | Ethanol |
| At room temp, polyunsaturated lipids would form.. | Oil |
| proteins have many functions, which function is not related.. | Insulating against heat loss |
| What are the functions of proteins.. | Transporting substances, regulating cellular processes, catalyzing chemical reactions & providing structural support |
| A dipeptide is.. | Two amino acids combined together |
| Protein structure can be organized into how many levels.. | 4 |
| Three isomers of c6h12o6 are.. | Galactose, Glucose- beta ring, and glucose- straight line |
| 4 ways lipids contribute to human body.. | Source of energy, energy storage, insulation, protection |
| The fatty acids of saturated fat have.. | No double bonds |
| The monomer for starch is a.. | Monosaccharaide |
| Which of these molecules is a disaccharide.. | Sucrose |
| two isomers vary by.. | Structural formula |
| Glucose & galactose bond to form.. | Lactose |
| Which carbohydrate polymers is highly branched.. | Glycogen |
| A triglyceride has three fatty acids connected to one.. | Glycerol |
| Water is polar covalent this means that.. | Electrons are shared equally, hydrogen is partially charged, oxygen is more electronegative, electrons are less attracted to the hydrogen nucleus |
| Intermolecular forces include.. | Hydrogen bonds |
| A hydrophobic molecule.. | Is non-polar |
| hydrophillic molecules have a tendency to.. | Form aqueous solutions, dissolve in water, form hydrogen bonds, be polar |
| The monomer for a protein is a.. | Amino acid |
| Which of the following is a monomer.. | Fructose |
| What is an isomer of glucose.. | Fructose |
| A disaccharide is formed by a covalent bond called a.. | Glycosidic linkage |
| two isomers vary by.. | Structural formula |
| Animal starch, glycogen is highly branched so that.. | it is more quickly broken into monomers |
| How is cellulose different from starch.. | provides structural support to cell wall |
| The fatty acids of a saturated fat have.. | no double bonds |
| A triglyceride has 3 fatty acids connected to one.. | glycerol |
| The triglyceride is formed by.. | an ester linkage |
| At room temp, polyunsaturated lipids would form.. | oil |
| Hydrogenation involves.. | adding hydrogen atoms |
| Which of these statements is true for a phospholipid but not a triglyceride.. | The molecule is polar and non-polar |
| Which of these hormones is also a lipid.. | Testosterone |
| Denaturation of a protein.. | is the result of extreme heat, is the result of exposure to a certain chemical, results in unfolding, results in inability to perform its function |
| A catalyst acts to.. | Increase the rate of a reaction |
| A substrate is the.. | reactant |
| Competitive inhibitors.. | Combine with the active site of the enzyme |
| What molecule requires a protein channel to enter the cell.. | Potassium ion |
| The golgi apparatus is responsible for.. | Modification of lipids and proteins |
| the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for.. | Synthesizing lipids |
| An electrochemical gradient is formed if.. | ion concentration changes on one side of a membrane |
| The endoplasmic reticulum.. | has ribosomes for making proteins |
| the chloroplast is responsible for photosynthesis, what term does not apply to this structure.. | Matrix |
| Which structure is unique to the mitochondrion.. | Cristae |
| What is the source of energy for secondary active transport.. | an electrochemical gradient |
| The cell membrane consists of.. | phospholipids, glycoproteins, glycolipids, carbohydrate chains |
| How is pinocytosis similar to phagocytosis.. | both fold the cell membrane around matter |
| The hydrophobic interior of the cell membrane is created by.. | phospholipid tails |
| A hypertonic solution outside a cell allows.. | net water loss to the cell |
| Isotonic | Same concentration of solutes |
| Hydrogen ions.. | creates an electrochemical gradient |
| osmosis | movement of water across a membrane |
| diffusion | movement from a high concentration to a low concentration |
| How many amino acids are there, how many are essential.. | 20, 8 |
| How is a peptide bond formed.. | it is formed by hydrolysis, its removes an OH from one amino acid and the H from another amino acid to form water. Only the carboxyl group is involved in this reaction. |
| Passive transport.. | Requires no energy because the molecules move with the concentration gradient. Diffusion moves molecules from an area of high to low concentration to equal it out |
| Active transport.. | Requires energy because it is moving molecules against the gradient. |
| the process of breaking down molecules into smaller parts is called.. | Catabolism |
| What best illustrates kinetic energy.. | a puck slides past a goalie |
| The concentrated charge in the intermembrane space leaves through.. | ATP synthase |
| Free energy is.. | energy available to do work |
| In metabolic pathways, activation energy is reduced by.. | many enzymes |
| A phosphate group is added to glucose, this is called.. | Phosphorylation |
| Glycolysis produces 2 ATP and,, | 2 NADH |
| For one glucose molecule, the krebs cycle will produce.. | 6 NADH |
| Oxidative Phosphorylation occurs.. | At the inner membrane |
| The krebs cycle occurs.. | In the mitochondrial matrix |
| Chargaffs rule is best described as.. | All DNA exists in a specific ratio so that the amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine |
| Which of these is unique to DNA.. | Uracil |
| A nucleotide consists of.. | a phosphate, a simple sugar and a nitrogenous base |
| Which of these is a purine.. | guanine |
| Guanine and cytosine bind together with.. | 3 hydrogen bonds |
| How is RNA different from DNA | the sugar has OH attached to the number 2 carbon |
| What is a key characteristic of DNA | Dna has a definite helical structure with nitrogenous bases towards the middle |
| What term best describes the basic unit of heredity.. | Gene |
| What term describes the compacting of DNA | Supercoiling |
| What term best describes the region of bacterial cell where DNA is found.. | Nucleoid |
| What term best describes the circular DNA fragment in bacteria.. | Plasmid |
| Nucleotides are combined together by.. | Hydrogen bonds betwwen nitrogenous bases |
| Two strands of DNA are antiparrallel , this means.. | Each strand has a different direction |
| DNA replication takes place.. | During S phase |
| Dna replication is.. | Semi conservative |
| Ozaki fragments form on the.. | Lagging strand |
| The RNA primer is used to.. | Act as a starting point for nucleotide addition |
| The DNA ligase is used to.. | Bind ozaki fragments together |
| A possible mistake in replication is.. | Strand slippage leading to addition/deletion, a mispairing, a permanent DNA altering mutation |
| A telomere is.. | Repetitive end of a chromosome |
| making a new strand of dna is called.. | Replication |
| During initiation.. | helicase unwinds the dna |
| After termination there are two.. | completed dna strands |
| The genetic codes interprets nucleotides.. | in groups of 3 |
| What is the start codon.. | AUG |
| The genetic code is.. | The same for almost all organisms, continuous, redundant, nearly universal |
| The redundancy of the genetic code helps to explain.. | Silent mutations |
| If a mutation changes the codon for tyrosine to stop, the result is.. | a nonsense mutation |
| The lac operon is activated by the presence of .. | lactose |
| PCR is an automated system that.. | Rapidly cycles temperature changes.. |
| Another name for genetically modified organisms is.. | Transgenic |
| What is the purpose of Dna supercoiling. | Compacts dna so its not as long, dna would be nearly 2m long |
| Redundant.. | Same protein code but different genetic code. How silent mutations are produced |
| Continuous.. | continues until a stop codon is produced |
| Universal.. | Almost all organisms have same protein code |
| What makes RNA different from DNA | Rna is everywhere, dna is only in nucleus, Rna is unstable and dna is stable |
| In what three ways is mRNA modified before it can exit the nucleus.. | All the T's get changed to U's, 5' cap and 3' poly tail is added to the ends, excise the introns |
| Protein structure.. | Linear sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain, the structure is held together by covalent bonds such as peptide bonds. |
| Kinds of protein.. | Structural, enzymatic, hormonal, defensive, storage, transport, Receptor, contractile |
| Synthesis.. | The production of an organic compound in a living thing, aided by enzymes |
| Krebs cycle.. | is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy |
| Eukaryotes.. | are organisms whose cells are organized into complex structures by internal membranes and a cytoskeleton. The most characteristic membrane bound structure is the nucleus |
| prokaryotes.. | are organisms without a cell nucleus (= karyon), or any other membrane-bound organelles. Most are unicellular, but some prokaryotes are multicellular. |
| Eukaryote vs prokaryote.. | eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not. |
| Homestasis.. | Homeostasis is the ability to maintain a constant internal environment in response to environmental changes |
Created by:
kylehooper
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