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Hydrosphere
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Adhesion – | the tendency of water to stick to other substances |
| Buoyancy – | the ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object that is immersed in the fluid |
| Cohesion – | the attractive force between water molecules |
| Insoluble – | not soluble; will not dissolve |
| Polarity – | uneven distribution of charges across a molecule |
| Soluble – | having the ability to be dissolved in another substance |
| Specific Heat – | the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius; low specific heat means a substance will heat up quickly |
| Surface Tension – | the force that acts on the particles at the surface of a material |
| Universal Solvent – | the quality of water that makes it able to dissolve more substances than any other solvent can |
| Condensation – | the process of warm air cooling as it rises and releasing moisture in the form of a liquid |
| Hydrosphere - | the portion of the Earth that contains water; all the water on the earth |
| Impermeable - | does not allow water to move through |
| Infiltration - | water that seeps into rocks and between particles of soil |
| Percolation - | the downward movement of water through pores and other spaces in soil due to gravity |
| Precipitation - | the rain, snow, sleet or hail that falls from clouds onto the Earth’s land and oceans |
| Runoff - | is precipitation that flows over land into streams and rivers. This water later enters oceans. |
| Transpiration - | water vapor given off by plant photosynthesis via water vapor through the pores in the leaves (stomata) |
| Aquifer - | an underground layer of rock or soil that holds water |
| Artesian Well - | a well in which water rises because of pressure within aquifer from water above |
| Drought - | a long period of scarce rainfall |
| Glaciers - | a large mass of moving ice and snow on land |
| Hydrology - | the study of water |
| Icecaps - | a glacier forming on an extensive area of relatively level land and flowing outward from its center; ex. Greenland or Antarctica |
| Icebergs - | a large floating mass of freshwater ice detached from a glacier |
| Reservoir - | a man made lake that stores water for human use |
| River Basin - | the region of land drained by a large river and its tributaries |
| Watershed - | the land area that supplies water to a river system from smaller areas |
| Wetland - | land area that is covered with a shallow layer of water during some or all of the year |
| Tides - | the change in depth of the ocean due to the moon’s and sun’s gravitational pull of the water on earth |
| Tsunami - | a seismic sea wave |
| Surface Current - | a circulation or movement of water due to the winds; warm or cool |
| Deep Current - | an underwater circulation or movement of water duet to changes in the water’s density (salinity; temperature); |
| Rip Current or Rip Tide - | the quick movement of water offshore due to a break in an offshore sandbar; caused many swimmers to drown each year |
| Abiotic Factor | the non-living factors of the environment that an organism lives in. |
| Abyssal Plain - | mostly flat portion of ocean floor which provides a home to a variety of unique organisms that are adapted to the extreme conditions of this habitat. |
| Aphotic Zone or Deep Zone - | lowest layer of the ocean, where light does not reach. |
| Benthos - | organisms that live on or in the ocean floor. |
| Bioluminescence - | the production of non-thermal light by creatures' converting chemical energy to light energy to lure prey, attract a mate, or assist in keeping like species together. An estimated 75 percent of benthic creatures glow |
| Consumer - | feed on other organisms (plant or animal) because they cannot make their own food, a heterotroph |
| Continental Shelf - | extends from the edge of the continent outward to where the bottom sharply drops off into a steep slope. |
| Continental Slope - | the steep incline between the continental shelf and the abyssal plain. |
| Ecosystem - | a community of different but interdependent species and their non-living environment. |
| Estuary - | body of water where a river meets the ocean |
| Fauna - | animals |
| Flora - | plants |
| Food Chain - | a hierarchy of food relationships from the simplest to most complex |
| Habitat - | the immediate space where an animal or plant lives and has food, water and protection. |
| Intertidal Zone - | the area that lies between the low-tide and the high-tide line. |
| Mid-Ocean Ridge - | a chain of undersea mountains that circles the earth through every ocean at diverging tectonic plate boundaries |
| Nekton - | free-swimming organisms whose movements are independent of the tides, currents, and waves. |
| Oceanic Zone - | extends from 200 meters (656 feet) deep all the way down to the bottom of the ocean. |
| Photic Zone - | the top layer of the ocean where sunlight penetrates, above 200 meters |
| Phytoplankton - | the plant and algae component of the plankton; the primary producers of most ocean food webs. |
| Producer - | a living thing that produces its own food within itself, usually by using sunlight energy in photosynthesis; an autotroph |
| Salinity - | the amount of dissolved solids in seawater approximately 35 parts per thousand |
| Upwelling - | the upward movement to the ocean surface of deeper, cold and usually nutrient-rich waters, especially along some shores, due to the offshore movement of surface waters |
| Echo sounder - | a device used to determine depth by sound waves. |
| Fathom - | a unit of measure for ocean depth. One fathom is 6 feet (1.83 meters). |
| Oceanography - | the study and exploration of the world's ocean. |
| ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle) - | unmanned submersible tethered to a mother ship and operated by pilots using a joy stick. |
| Scuba - | Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus - device that allows divers to breathe underwater for long periods of time. |
| SONAR - | SOund NAvigationRanging - used to measure ocean depth by sending sound to bounce off the ocean floor. |
| Submersible - | a small submarine used to explore the ocean depths; equipped with windows, lights, mechanical arms, cameras and other scientific instruments capable of seeing and recording data. |
| Evaporation – | the process by which a liquid is changed into a vapor from the surface by gaining energy Groundwater - water located below Earth’s surface in aquifers |
| Ocean trench - | the deepest parts of the ocean. The deepest one is the Marianas Trench (located in the South Pacific Ocean - almost 5 miles (8.05 kilometers) deep. |
| Neritic Zone - | the first 200 meters (656 feet) of ocean water, which includes the seashore and most of the continental shelf. |
| Surface Water - | water found on the surface of the Earth |
| Permeable - | having pores or openings that allow water(or other liquids) to flow through them |
| Capillary Action – | the process that moves water through a narrow porous space |
Created by:
Saba Aleem
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