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Bio Standard 4
Molecular Biology
| glucose | simple sugar made during photosynthesis; C6H12O6 |
| cellulose | polysaccharide which makes up the cell wall of plants |
| glycogen | polysaccharide that serves as storage in an animal cell |
| starch | polysaccharide serving as storage in plant cells |
| insulin | protein produced by the pancreas that allows glucose to cross the cell membrane and be broken down to create ATP |
| hemoglobin | protein responsible for transporting oxygen |
| enzymes | accelerates chemical reactions |
| phospholipids | lipid which the major component of cell membranes; hydrophobic head and hydrophilic tails |
| steroids | group of lipids including cholesterol and testosterone |
| DNA | DeoxyriboNucleic Acid; double helix |
| RNA | RiboNucleic Acid; single helix |
| carbohydrate | organic molecule which provides quick energy |
| lipid | organic molecule which functions to store long term energy, insulate, and cushion |
| protein | organic molecule which has many functions; Contractile, Hormones, Enzymes, Antibodies, Transport, and Structure |
| nucleic acid | organic molecule which stores genetic information |
| amino acids | building block of proteins |
| nucleotides | building block of nucleic acids; made of sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base |
| nitrogen base | Adenine & Thymine/Uricil Cytosine & Guanine the order of these bases makes each individual a little different because it makes different proteins |
| monosaccharide | subunits of carbohydrates |
| protein synthesis | making proteins through the processes of transcription and translation |
| enzymes | protein which speeds up biologic reactions by lowering the activation energy of the reaction |
| substrate | specific match to each enzyme (lock & key model) |
| pH and temperature | affects the shape of enzymes (proteins) |
| photosynthesis | process which requires energy, water, and carbon dioxide in order for autotrophs to synthesize sugar (food) |
| cellular respiration | process which requires sugar for all organisms to release the energy molecule ATP |
| reactants of photosynthesis | carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight |
| products of photosynthesis | glucose and oxygen |
| reactants of cellular respiration | glucose and oxygen |
| products of cellular respiration | carbon dioxide, water, and ATP |
| aerobic respiration | cellular respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen, thus producing a lot of ATP |
| anaerobic respiration / fermentation | cellular respiration occurs without oxygen, thus carbon dioxide, a small amount of ATP, and either alcohol or lactic acid is produced |
| lactic acid fermentation | anaerobic respiration which produces lactic acid as a by product |
| alcoholic fermentation | anaerobic respiration which produces alcohol as a byproduct |
| mitochondria | where cellular respiration takes place |
| chloroplast | where photosynthesis takes place |
| energy (ATP) | needed by all life to maintain homeostasis |
Created by:
colvardh
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