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Astronomy
Earth science regents review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| terrestrial planet | similar to earth, close to sun, few moons, thin atmosphere and rocky planet |
| our solar system | made of our sun and 8 planets |
| milky way galaxy | a spiral shaped galaxy made of 100-400 billion stars |
| universe | made of 200 billion galaxies (observable portion) |
| how long dose sun light take to travel to earth | 8.3 minutes |
| light year | the distance light can travel in one year (300,000 km/s) |
| nearest star to earth | alpha centauri |
| brightest star | Sirius |
| closest galaxy | Andromeda galaxy |
| when we look in the tars we are looking... | back in time |
| galaxy | huge body of stars |
| shapes of galaxies (3) | spiral, elliptical, irregular |
| Bunson burner produces a ____ flame | clean |
| absorption lines | pattern of dark lines that appear in a spectrum |
| absorption line patterns indicate | composition |
| Doppler effect | apparent change in wave length, longer: moving away, shorter: moving closer |
| blue shift | star is coming closer smaller wave length's appear |
| red shift | star is going away longer wave length's appear |
| how do we know the universe is expanding? | all the galaxies are red shifted from earth and therefore moving away |
| evidence for big bang theory | we know the universe is expanding and so an explosion must have started it in the center. also the echo of background radiation |
| five steps of a sun like star | 1. protostar forms in nebula 2. fusion begins 3. main sequence star 4. red giant 5. releases outer core and becomes a white dwarf star |
| phases of the moon are caused by | moons revolution around the earth |
| phases of the moon | new, waxing crescent, 1st quarter, waxing gibbass, full wanning gibbass , last quarter, wanning crescent |
| how long dose it take to go from new moon to new moon | 24.5 days |
| light on the right is | returning |
| luner eclipse | earth blocks the moon from the sun |
| solar eclipse | the moon blocks the sun from the earth |
| corona | wispy exterior layer of the sun |
| how dose the moon look in a lunar eclipse? | dull red |
| neap tides | the tides are balanced because the moon is in the quarter position and pulls a different direction from the sun |
| highest tides at the equator | *new moon* (and full moon) |
| highest tides at north pole | either quarter moon |
| gravity depends on | mass and distance |
| law of inertia | objects tend to keep doing what they are doing |
| Kepler's laws of planetary motion | sun is at one foci and each planet moves in an elipse |
| eccentricity= | distance between foci / length of major axis |
| maximum speed of earths revolution | closest to the sun |
| perihelion | closest point in orbit to the sun |
| furthest point in orbit from the sun | aphelion |
| farther from the sun planets move _______ | slower |
| farther planets have _______ orbital paths | longer |
| revolution | around another object |
| rotation | spins on axis |
| degrees around the sun per day | a little less than 1 |
| why do constellations change | earths revolution around the sun |
| dose axis ever change tilt | NO |
| season we are closest to the sun | winter |
| season we are furthest from the sun | summer |
| geocentric model | says earth is the center of the universe |
| epicycle | claim of geocentric model that says orbital paths rotate |
| apparent motion of the stars is | east to west |
| who invented the geocentric model | Claudius Ptolemy |
| what didn't the geocentric model explain | cant make predictions, did not take into account earths motion |
| why was the geocentric model thrown away | too complex to be possible |
| heliocentric model | says sun is center of the unverse |
| who created the heliocentric model | Nicholas Copernicus (no one believed him) |
| problem with copernicuses model | the orbital paths were perfect circles |
| johannes kepler was a student of | tycho |
| what did Kepler theorize | the planets move in elipses |
| why is pluto not a planet | it dose not clear thew orbit of neptune |
| jovian planets | like jupiter, far from sun, large, thick atmospheres, many moon, low density |
| earth rotates from | west to the east at 15 degrees per hour |
| proof of earths rotation | pictures from space, foucault pendulum, coriollis effect |
| effects of earths rotation | day and night, apparent motion of the sun , and apparent path of the stars |
| circumpolar stars | stars that never set and are near Polaris |
| star trails | image of how stars appear to move in the sky |
| azimuth | angular distance around the horizon where north is 0 |
| larger eccentricity = | flatter elipse |
| main sequence stars become | red giants if they're small and supergiants if they're big |
| red giants can become ____ or _______ | white dwarves or supernovas |
| super novas become | neutron stars or black holes |
| white dwarves become | dead stars |
| +temp = _______ preasure | + preasure |
| brown dwarf | a protostar that failed to become a star |
Created by:
HundoOnES
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