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EOY Test Review
Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| chemical digestion | Digestion process in which enzymes are used to change foods into smaller molecules |
| excretory system | the system that removes waste from your body and controls water balance |
| cell | Basic unit of life |
| tissue | A group of similar cells that perform the same function. |
| organ | A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body |
| organ system | A group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions. |
| nervous system | Detects information from the environment and controls body functions |
| circulatory system | Consists of the heart, blood vessels, and the blood. Fundamental purpose is to transport substances from place to place in the body |
| muscular system | Consists of skeletal muscles, tendons that connect muscles to bones, and ligaments that attach bones together to form joint |
| skeletal system | Protects and supports organs and provides a framework the muscles use to support movement. Made up of bones and joints. |
| respiratory system | system responsible for taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide using the lungs |
| integumentary system | Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nails |
| digestive system | Breaks down food into smaller molecules and absorbs these nutrients into the body |
| mechanical digestion | Takes place when food is chewed, mixed, and churned. |
| enzyme | A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing |
| glucose | A kind of sugar the cell uses |
| nerve | Tissue that carries messages back and forth between the brain and every other part of the body |
| asexual reproduction | Process by which a single parent reproduces by itself |
| sexual reproduction | Reproduction that requires two parents |
| heredity | Passing of traits from parents to offspring |
| genetics | Scientific study of heredity |
| gene | A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait. |
| trait | A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes. |
| cell theory | All organisms are made of cells and come from other cells |
| organelle | A tiny structure that carries out a specific function within the cell |
| chloroplast | an organelle in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis takes place. |
| vacuole | A sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area |
| nucleus | Control center of the cell which contains DNA |
| DNA | A molecule containing genetic information |
| chromosome | a rod-shaped cellular structure that contains DNA, humans have 23 pairs |
| cell membrane | A thin, flexible barrier around a cell that regulates what enters and leaves the cell |
| cell wall | The stiff outer layer that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms |
| cytoplasm | A jellylike fluid inside the cell which contains the organelles |
| mitochondria | A provider of energy for a cell that breaks down glucose for energy |
| photosynthesis | the process by which plants and some other organisms capture light energy and use it to make food from carbon dioxide and water |
| turgor pressure | The pressure that water molecules exert against the cell wall when vacuoles are full |
| dichotomous key | a key for the identification of organisms |
| eukaryote | A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. |
| prokaryote | A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles |
| unicellular | Made of a single cell |
| multicellular | Made up of more than one cell. |
| autotrophic | An organism that makes its own food. |
| heterotrophic | An organism that cannot make its own food |
| homeostasis | Maintaining internal stability (sweating, chill bumps, stomach growls, movement of nutrients in and waste out through cell membrane) |
| internal stimulus | A change from within an organism, such as hunger and thirst, that causes the organism to respond |
| external stimulus | Anything outside the body of the organism that can cause a response in an organism |
| response | A change in behavior that occurs in reaction to a stimulus |
| tropism | A growth response of a plant toward or away from a stimulus |
| geotropism | A plant's response to gravity |
| phototropism | A plant's response to light |
| natural selection | Process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully |
| selective breeding | human selection of organisms with desired traits to serve as parents of the next generation |
Created by:
jfcason
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