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Chapters 4 and 5
Stack #2537015
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid; hereditary material that controls all the activities of a cell, contains the information to make new cells, and provides instructions for making proteins |
| nucleotide | a subunit of DNA consisting of a sugar, a phosphate, and one of four nitroge consisting of a sugar, a phosphate, and one of four nitrogenous bases |
| adenine | one of the four bases that combined with sugar and phosphate to form a nucleotide subunit of DNA; adenine pairs with thymine |
| thymine | one of the four bases that combine with sugar and phosphate to form a nucleotide subunit of DNA; thymine pairs with adenine |
| quanine | one of the four bases that combine with sugar and phosphate to form a nucleotide subunit of DNA; guanine pairs with cytosine |
| cytosine | one of the four bases that combine with sugar and phosphate to form a nucleotide subunit of DNA; cytosine pairs with guanine |
| ribosome | a small organelle in cells where proteins are made from amino acids |
| mutation | a change in the order of the bases in an organism's DNA; deletion, insertion, or substitution. |
| mutagen | anything that can damage or cause changes in DNA |
| pedigree | a diagram of family history used for tracking a trait through several generations |
| adaption | a characteristic trait that helps an organism survive in its environment |
| species | the most specific of the seven levels of classification; characterized by a group of organisms that can mate with one another to produce fertile offspring |
| evolution | the process by which populations accumulate inherited changes over time |
| fossil | the solidified remains or imprints of a once-living organism |
| fossil record | a historical sequence of life indicated by fossils found in layers of the Earth's crust |
| vestigial structure | the remnant of a once-useful anatomical structure |
| trait | a distinguishing quality that can be passed from one generation to another |
| selective breeding | the breeding of organisms that have a certain desired trait |
| natural selection | the process by which organisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce at a higher rate than organisms without the favorable trait |
| generation time | the period between the birth of one generation and the birth of the next generation |
| speciation | the process by which two populations of the same species become so different that they can no longer interbreed |
Created by:
adrianaseeberger13
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