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Earths History
Regents Earth science review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Relative age | the age of an object compared to the age of another object |
| uniformitarianism | the assumption that forces that act upon earth have always been the same |
| geologic event | a natural occurrence that changes earths crust |
| law/ principal of original horizontality | sedimentary rocks left undisturbed will stay in horizontal layers |
| geologic column | ideal sequence of rock layers from combined data from various out crops |
| older rocks will be | on the bottom |
| scientists also use _____ to find relative age | fossils |
| folds and faults are______ than the rock they cut across | younger |
| law of crosscutting relationship | igneous intrusions and faults that cut across rock layers are younger than the rock they cut across |
| hatchet lines mean | contact metamorphism |
| law of super position | older rocks are below younger rocks |
| law of baked contacts | rocks showing contact metamorphism are older than the intrusion that caused it. |
| contact metamorphism | low scale metamorphism on the edges of an intrusion |
| unconformity forms how? | a rock layer is eroded and then buried |
| index fossil | fossil of organisms that lived for a short period of time over a wide area. |
| matching index fossils means | the layers are the same age |
| correlation of rock strata | the matching of similar rocks in different locations |
| absolute time | the actual date of events |
| atoms have ______+_________ in their nucleus | protons and neutrons |
| the ____ orbit around the nucleus | electrons |
| element are identified how? | by the number of protons in the nucleus |
| Isotopes | forms of atoms of the same element just with different amounts of nuetrons |
| why would a atom be unstable? | if the number of neutrons was not equal to the # of protons |
| unstable atoms do what? | give off radiation |
| atomic number | number of protons |
| radioactive decay | # of protons changes |
| parent isotope | original radioactive element |
| daughter isotope | stable product of decay |
| half life | time it takes for half of a sample to decay (mass dose not matter) |
| how to stop radioactivity | nothing can |
| fossil | the remains of a plant or animal preserved in rock |
| preserved organisms 4 ways | 1. Amber 2. Mummification 3. Freezing 4. Tar beds |
| petrification | ground water replaces organic material with minerals |
| Trace Fossils | fossilized evidence of the animal, but not the organism its self |
| what changes radioactive decay amount | nothing |
| why volcanic ash is good | same as index fossils, short and widespread |
| oldest rocks NY | Adirondacks |
| how old are the adirondacks | from precambrian time |
| where are there dinosaur bones in NY | the Pallisades Sill (near long island) |
| which radioactive substance is best for dead organisms | carbon-14 |
| best tool for dating | index fossil |
| when did water come to earth | 4.2 billion yrs ago |
| how did water get to earth | commets |
| how old is earth | 4.6 billion years |
Created by:
HundoOnES
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