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weathering + erosion
Regents Earth science review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Drainage basins, stream basins, and water sheds are_____ | areas of land where water converges and joins a stream (low elevation) |
| Tributary | water way that flows into a main stream. |
| water shed | main body of water with all its tributaries |
| Drainage divide for U.S. (aka continental divide) | Rocky Mountains |
| Divide | the ridges or elevated regions that separate watersheds |
| weathered by gravity | aka mass wasting. unsorted, at high elevations |
| weathered by running water | rounded, sorted, at stream beds |
| weathered by wind | tiny sediments, appears scratched, form sand dunes, at dry climate |
| weathered by waves | rounded, sorted, at shore lines |
| weathered by glaciers | Continental or alpine, unsorted, scratches/ grooves |
| landscapes | general shape of the land surface |
| meandering stream | wiggle shape |
| what factors influence land scape? | structural features+ bedrock+ climate |
| arid region characteristics | poor soil, sharp features, steep slopes |
| humid region characteristics | good soil, gentle slopes |
| Dendritic stream flow | looks like tree - flattish area with uniform bedrock |
| radial stream flow | out like sun rays - circular volcano or dome |
| rectangular stream flow | parallel lines - tilted strata |
| annular strem flow | looks like circular maze - on dome w/ upturned layers |
| what is a glacier? | layers of snow compressed and thickened into ice |
| alpine glacier/ valley glacier | from ice fields, long, form in mountains |
| ice sheets glacier/ continental glacier | giant continental glacier |
| where are glaciers? | Antarctica, Greenland, high mountains |
| producing soil 2 things | biological and weathering |
| 4 components of good soil | hummus, weathered rocks/minerals, air in pores, water |
| humus | organic remains |
| soil horizons | mature soil that has three layers over the bedrock |
| what are the layers of a soil horizon from top to bottom? | top soil- subsoil- weathered bedrock |
| residual soil | made and found with components of the native soil |
| transported soil | transported from some where else natural |
| two factors that cause erosion | velocity, and volume |
| velocity effects erosion how? | faster stream= more erosion |
| volume effects erosion how | greater volume= greater erosion |
| factors that affect velocity | gradient ++ volume ++ |
| meanders | bends in the stream |
| outside of a curve in a stream moves______ and has _____ erosion | faster; more |
| inside of a curve in a stream moves_____ and has _______________ | slower; more deposition |
| solution | minerals dissolved in water |
| suspension | small particles carried in the water |
| saltation | large particles that roll and bounce along the bottom of a stream |
| relationship between velocity and particle size the stream can cary is_____ | direct |
| when a stream reaches a body of water____ will happen because____ | deposition; the water slowes down |
| delta | area at the end of a stream where deposition occurs |
| describe the sediment in a delta | sorted: larger rocks are closer to the shore. Smaller rocks are further away |
| alluvial fan | water deposits sediment like an on land delta forming a fan shape |
| Equilibrium | the place on a stream where erosion= deposition |
| oxbow lake | lake formed when a meandering stream meanders so much that the meander is cut off. |
| what conditions form a glacier | snow that never completely melts |
| fern | a state between ice and snow |
| how deep dose a glacier have to be to move | about 20 meters |
| fastest part of a glacier | top + middle |
| snow line | divide between melting snow and frozen snow |
| striations | scratches in rock caused by glaciers |
| river valleys _____ shaped | V |
| glacial valleys _____ shaped | U |
| Kettle lakes | depressions on out wash plains filled w/ meltwater |
| melt water | melted ice flowing from a glacier |
| drumlins | tear drop shaped mounds of till |
| finger lakes | long lakes where moraines block existing streams |
| moraine | ridges of unsorted sediment on the ground or the glacier |
| basal slip | process that lubricates a glacier's base and makes it slide |
| Deflation | process where wind removes the top layer of rock/ soil |
| loess | deposits of yellowish fine grained sediment |
| larger particle size = ________ reaction time | slower |
| surface area | area of all sides combined |
| relationship between heat and weathering | the more temperature changes the more weathering that will occur |
| climate best for chemical weathering | hot and wet |
| size- deposition | + size= shorter time and higher rate of deposition |
| density- deposition | + density = shorter time and higher rate |
| shape - deposition | + roundness = shorter time and higher rate |
| dune shape and wind | the direction the wind blows from will be a more gentle slope |
| cross bedding | old sand dunes preserved in rock layers |
| Continental glaciers for over____ | vast areas of land |
| continental glacier examples | Antarctica, and Greenland |
| lateral moraine | unsorted rock on the glacier along the valley walls |
| medial moraine | unsorted rock on the glacier in the center region from the merging of two smaller glacial valleys |
| ground moraine | unsorted rock trapped at the bottom of the glacier |
| Terminal morain | unsorted rock that is deposited from a glacier marking the furthest position reached |
| erratics | large boulders deposited by glaciers |
| braided stream | stream divided into an interlocking system of channels |
| esker | ridge-like hill from a stream flowing in a tunnel under the glacier |
| horn | sharo peak |
| arete | sharp ridge |
| cirque | half open hollow at the head of a valley |
Created by:
HundoOnES
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