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science final
what you have to know for your science final next week
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| which medium does sound travel through the fastest? | Solids |
| Which medium does sound travel through the slowest? | Gases |
| What do decibels measure? | The loudness of different sounds |
| As the wavelength decreases, the frequency __. | Increases |
| Waves with the longest wavelengths, have the ___ frequencies | Least (shortest) |
| What determines the color of an opaque object? | Color of light it reflects |
| What are the four main spheres of the Earth system? | geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere |
| Which sphere contains almost all of Earth's mass? | Geosphere |
| What two types of evidence do geologists use to learn about the Earth's interior? | Direct evidence from rock samples -- Indirect evidence from seismic waves |
| What happens to the pressure inside Earth as the depth increases? | as the depth increases, there is more pressure inside the Earth |
| Which layer of the Earth would have the least pressure? | Crust |
| How does convection occur in the Earth's mantle? | Plumes of hot rock rise slowly to the top of the mantle and then cools and sinks down again. The cycle repeats over and over |
| Where does convection currents occur inside the Earth? | Mantle |
| What role does density play in convection currents? | when its hot then its less dense - sinks, When its cold it is more dense - rises |
| What would happen to the conveciton currents that formed in a fluid if the heat source was removed? | Without heat, the conveciton currents would eventually stop. |
| What do scientists think that creates the Earth's magnetic field? | Movements in the liquid outer core created Earth's magnetic field. |
| What are the three major groups of rocks? | Metamorphic, sedimentary, igneous |
| Where does most metamorphic rock form? | When the rock is changed by heat or pressure, or chemical reactions |
| How does igneous rock form? | Cooling of magma or lava |
| How does the rate than an igneous rock cooled affect the size of its crystals | Rapid cooling lava makes a fine grained igneous rock with small crystals. Slowly cooling magma forms coarse- grained rocks with large crystals. |
| What is the difference between intrusive igneous rock & extrusive igneous rock? | Instrusive is lava that erupted on Earth's surface & extrusive rock is made beneath the surface. |
| If you found an unknown rock near a volcano and it had large crystals, how would you classify it? | They both are igneous rock, the first one is rapid cooling while the second one is slow cooling |
| How does sedimentary rock form? | Small particles of rocks were pressed and cemented together. |
| What is Alfred wegener's idea of continental drift? | All 7 continents and India were once combined together to form the large landmass called Pangea. |
| What 3 pieces of evidence did Wegener have for his theory of continental drift? | There were fossil fuels |
| What evidence did Wegener use to show climate change in antartica? | Fossils of tropical plants were found in the Arctic Ocean |
| What type of climate did Wegener think Antarctica must have 300 million years ago? | a warm, mild climate |
| What are mid- ocean ridges? | Seams that formed mountain ranges that ran along the middle of ocean floors |
| What is sea-floor spreading? | mid- ocean ridges continually add new material to the ocean floor. |
| Where does sea- floor spreading take place? | Mid- ocean ridges |
| What are deep- ocean trenches? | Ocean crust bends downward |
| What happens to the ocean floor at deep- ocean trenches | Ocean floor plunges into deep underwater canyons |
| What are the three types of plate boundaries? | Transform, convergent, divergent |
| What is the theory of plate tectonics? | earth's plate are in slow, constant motion driven by convection current in the mantle. |
| What are the three types of faults? | Normal, Strike- Slip, and reverse |
Created by:
yashikagupta
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