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Minerals + Rocks
earth science regents review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Atom | smallest unit of matter |
| element | a substance that cannot be broken down without changing its properties |
| compound | two or more elements that are chemically combined and can not be separated |
| mixture | two or more compounds that physically combine and can be separated |
| element is like | egg |
| compound is like | cake |
| mixture is like | salade |
| mineral qualifications | inorganic, natural, solid, definite chemical composition |
| how do minerals become rocks | physically combined |
| most common mineral | plagioclase feldspars |
| % of minerals that are silicates | 60 |
| silicates have | Silicon and oxygen |
| Silica tetrahedron | arrangement of atoms in a silicate |
| single chain structure | one corner oxygen atoms are shared (pyroxene group) |
| double chain structure | two corner oxygen atoms are shared (amphibole) |
| sheet silicate structure | three oxygen atoms are shared (clay/ mica group ) |
| mineral properties depend on | composition |
| mineral properties 8 | color, luster, crystal shape, streak, cleavage planes, hardness, acid test, special properties |
| what is luster | the way light shines on an object |
| streak is | the color of a mineral's powder |
| mineral hardness is measured with the | mohs scale |
| which mineral reacts with acid? | calcite |
| rocks are made of...? | minerals |
| polymineralic rocks | rocks made of multiple minerals |
| couldera/crater | steep walled depression at the top of a volcanoe |
| neck | solid igneous rock corefrom extinct volcanoe |
| dike | appears as a wall from igneous intrusion |
| batholith | large deep igneous intrusion |
| laccolith | dome like intrusion that can form mountains |
| lava flows | cracks on earth surface filled with lava |
| lava plains | plateaus formed from lava |
| igneous rocks classified by | texture and composition |
| inter grown crystals | crystals that grow off each other |
| vesicular | gass pockets |
| glassy | smooth |
| regional metamorphic rock | occurs over a vast are due to mountain building |
| contact metamorphism | occurs in band along intrusions |
| foliation | banding |
| rock types classified by | how they're formed |
| sediments can be (2) | weathered rocks or parts of living things |
| Clastic | chunks of rocks pushed into one |
| stratification | layering of sediments as they become rocks |
| beds | layers |
| cross beds | form from sand dunes or riverbeds |
| graded | organized layers by particle size |
| mud cracks | from dried up flooded plains |
| concretions | rounded sedimentary deposits |
| chemical sedimentary rocks | formed from materials that were once dissolved in water become rocks when water evaporates |
| organic (bioclastic) sedimentary rocks | result of plant and animal remains |
| Coal process | trees- peat- Lignite- Bituminous coal |
| limestone is made up of | bones |
| % of earth made by 8 elements | 90 |
| matter has | mass and volume |
| # of mineral in crust | 92 |
Created by:
HundoOnES
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