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Chapter 9
muscular system
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acetylcholine | a chemical messenger released from the end of a motor neuron |
| actin | protein of which the thin myofilaments are composed |
| aerobic respiration | process that breaks down fatty acids for energy when oxygen is present |
| anaerobic respiration | process that breaks down glucose for energy when oxygen is not plentiful |
| antagonist | muscles that oppose the action of a prime mover |
| aponeurosis | flat, broad tendon that attaches a muscle to another muscle or to bone |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate; used for energy in cells to perform various functions, including muscle contractions |
| atrophy | decrease in the size of a muscle |
| belly | the thick midsection or middle of the muscle |
| complete tetanus | condition in which impulses arrive so fast that muscle cannot relax between stimuli and twitches merge into one prolonged contractions |
| creatine phosphate | compound stored in muscle that is used for short bursts of high-energy activity |
| endomysium | delicate connective tissue covering each muscle fiber |
| epimysium | connective tissue covering that surrounds muscles as a whole and binds all muscle fibers together |
| fascia | connective tissue surrounding the muscle |
| fascicles | bundles of muscle fibers |
| hypertrophy | enlargement of a muscle |
| incomplete tetanus | condition of rapid muscle contraction with only partial relaxation |
| insertion | the end of a muscle that attaches to the more mobile bone |
| isometric contraction | contraction in which the tension within a muscle increases while its length remains the same; think plnak exercise |
| isotonic contraction | contraction in which the muscle changes length to move a load; think lifting a weight |
| motor unit | a neuron and all the muscle fibers it stimulates |
| muscle fiber | a skeletal muscle cell |
| muscle tone | continuous state of partial muscle contraction that allows for the maintenance of posture |
| myofibrils | long protein bundles that fill the sarcoplasm of a muscle fiber |
| myofilaments | fine protein fibers that make up a myofibril |
| myosin | protein of which the thick myofilaments are composed |
| neuromuscular junctions | connection between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber |
| origin | the end of a muscle that attaches to the more stationary bone |
| perimysium | sheath of connective tissue encasing fascicles |
| prime mover | the main muscle triggering a movement |
| sarcomere | the unit of contraction of the myofibrils of a muscle |
| sarcoplasm | the cytoplasm of a muscle fiber |
| synaptic cleft | narrow space between the end of a motor nerve and the muscle fiber |
| synergists | muscles that assist in the movement of a bone |
| tendon | strong, fibrous cord through which a muscle attaches to a bone |
| transverse (T) tubules | tubules that extend across the sarcoplasm and allow electrical impulses to travel deep into the cell |
| treppe | phenomenon in which each successive twitch contracts more forcefully than the previous one |
| twitch | single, brief contraction |
Created by:
lindstromjPN110
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