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VCE Biol Unit 4 AOS2
VCE Biology Unit 4 AOS2. Key terms for "Change over time"
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the proportion of a specific allele of any gene locus in a population. Frequency ranges from 0-1. | allele frequency |
| structures whose functions are simllar but have different evolutionary origins | analogous structures |
| organisms whith favourable traits are selectively bred and others prevented from breeding | artificial selection |
| continuous variation in the phenotype of a species over its range due to differences in selection pressures in different environments | cline |
| the production of a new individual from a cell, nucleus or asexual offshoot of another organism | cloning |
| evolution in two interdependent species where each acts as the selecting agent for the other | co-evolution |
| the process by which two groups of organisms which do not share a recent common ancestor but live in similar environments with similar selection pressures, develop similar phenotypes | convergent evolution |
| changes in the human way of life since the evolution of biologically modern humans | cultural evolution |
| the evolution of many organisms from a common ancestor. Also known as adaptive radiation when it occurs over a relatively short period of time. | divergent evolution |
| the permanent loss of a species. The term also applies to the loss of a population or higher taxon (e.g. family). | extinction |
| the hole in the skull for the spinal cord | foramen magnum |
| the remains of an organism or direct evidence of its presence (e.g. footprints, casts or moulds), which have been preserved. | fossil |
| genetic drift which results from non-representative allele frequencies in a small founding population | founder effect |
| the movement of alleles out of (emigration) or into (immigration) a population. In plants can occur by the dispersal of seeds or spores | gene flow |
| the total genetic material of all members of a population | gene pool |
| the insertion of genes into individuals who have a genetic disorder in order to induce the production of a replacement for a missing or faulty protein | gene therapy |
| the loss of genetic variability when population size is severely reduced | bottle neck |
| changes in allele frequences due to small population size and random causes | genetic drift |
| the time in which half of a sample of radioactive isotope will decay to a more stable form | half-life |
| heterozygous individuals are more likely to survive than either of the homozygotes | heterozygote advantage |
| the group consisting of all modern and extinct Great Apes (that is, modern humans, chimpanzees, gorillas and orang-utans plus all their immediate ancestors). | Hominid |
| the group consisting of modern humans, extinct human species and all our immediate ancestors (including members of the genera Homo, Australopithecus, Paranthropus and Ardipithecus). | Hominin |
| structures which have a common evolutionary origin and a similar underlying anatomy, but have evolved in different ways in different groups due to different selection pressures | homologous structures |
| the evolution of species or high taxa (e.g. family) | macroevolution |
| changes in chromosomes, such as translocations, deletions and chromosomal separations | macromutations |
| era of middle life - the age of reptiles | mesozoic |
| changes in allel frequences in a population of organisms | microevolution |
| DNA found in mitochondria. Inherited only from the mother via the egg cell. | mitochondrial DNA |
| the hypothesis that modern humans originated only in Africa and migrated to all other parts of the world | Out of Africa hypothesis |
| era of ancient life | paleozoic |
| responsible for the movement of continental masses | plate tectonics |
| mechanisms preventing gene flow between species. May be prezygotic or postzygotic. | reproductive isolation |
| factors which act to favour one phenotype over another | selection pressures |
| relative advantage in fitness of one phenotype over another | selective advantage |
| the formation of two or more species from one ancestral population | speciation |
| cells which are undifferentiated and have the potential to develop into a variety of cell types. | stem cells |
| organisms which carry and express a gene from another organism | transgenic |
Created by:
cindybb
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